Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHRM 849 Pop Health > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The easiest kind of data to acquire to use to identify population health issues is which of the following?

A. claims data
B. EHR data
C. satisfaction survey data
D. medication adherence data
E. socioeconomic data

A

A. claims data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

According to Health People 2020 data, the access to health services is not impacted by family income.

T/F

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In 2020, the leading cause of mortality for children ages 1-19 in the US was which of the following?

A. Cancer
B. Motor vehicle accidents
C. heart disease
D. firearms
E. congenital disorders

A

D. Firearms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Life expectancy, maternal mortality, and infant mortality data in the US is superior to most other industrialized nations in the world.

T/F

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Costs of pain and suffering are examples of intangible costs and are difficult to measure

T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A cost-minimization analysis is only useful when the outcomes are equal

T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which of the following is not an example of direct medical costs?

A. medications
B. lab tests
C. travel costs to hospital or clinic
D. provider charges
E. hospital charges

A

C. travel costs to hospital or clinic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A cost-effectiveness analysis is commonly used to compare a new treatment to a standard treatment.

T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When comparing two therapeutic agents in a pharmacoeconomic analysis, all costs associated with the drug (not just acquisition cost) should be taken into account.

T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which of the following types of PE analysis is used when you want to measure the quality of outcome produced and is usually measured in quality-adjusted life year

A. cost-benefit analysis
B. cost-minimization analysis
C. cost-utility analysis
D. cost-effectiveness analysis

A

C. cost-utility analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which of the following is NOT a surrogate endpoint that is used to evaluate the potential benefits of using tirzepatide to treat patients with DM?

A. reduction in CV mortality
B. Hgb A1c
C. weight loss/BMI
D. fasting blood glucose

A

A. reduction in CV mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The study of the utilization and effects of drugs in large numbers of people is best defined as:

A. pharmacovigilance
B. comparative effectiveness research
C. pharmacoepidemiology
D. pharmacoeconomics

A

C. pharmacoepidemiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which of the following is least likely to identify how a drug or therapy will perform in real world settings.

A. randomized controlled trials
B. comparative effectiveness research
C. pragmatic clinical trials

A

A. randomized controlled trials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pharmacovigilance studies are used to identify undetected ADRs or safety-related aspects of marketed drugs not observed in pre-marketing studies.

T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pharmacoepidemiologic and pharmacovigilance studies are primarily:

A. experimental
B. non-experimental (observational)
C. neither of the above

A

B. non-experimental (observational)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A typical randomized controlled trial may determine the efficacy of a drug but may not determine if the drug will achieve its desired effect in a real-world setting.

T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

RCTs have a higher degree of external validity than do pragmatic trials

T/F

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pharmacovigilance studies typically use observational data from a single database from a small targeted population.

T/F

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which of the following complications associated with use of fluoroquinolones was teased out from data in post-marketing pharmacovigilance studies:

A. blood dyscrasias
B. electrolyte abnormalities
C. disabling peripheral neuropathies/myopathies
D. skin rash

A

C. disabling peripheral neuropathies/myopathies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The US spend significantly more money than other comparable on healthcare but achieves poorer outsomes.

T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Retail prescription drug constitute the largest share (as a percentage) of all categories associated with national health expenditures.

T/F

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Individuals > 50 years of age consume the largest share (~50%) of health care spending in the US

T/F

A

True

23
Q

Which of the following is not a strength of the US healthcare system?

A. well equipped healthcare facilities
B. exceptionally trained healthcare professionals
C. choice in providers
D. transparency with respect to costs to patients
E. new technologies and therapeutic entities

A

D. transparency with respect to costs to patients

24
Q

Which of the following factors currently accounts for the largest number of preventable deaths in the US?

A. alcohol-related
B. suicides
C. drug overdoses
D. deaths from communicable diseases

A

C. drug overdoses

25
Q

Which of the following is not one of the major identity discourses identified in the discussion paper by Keeler, et al?

A. dispenser
B. apothecary
C. health care provider
D. druggist
E. merchandiser

A

D. druggist

26
Q

Except during the pandemic, the largest portion of public health financing and services comes from the federal government.

T/F

A

True

27
Q

One of the reasons why drug costs are higher in the US than in other comparable countries is share of the prescriptions dispensed that are generic is far less in the US than in those other countries.

T/F

A

False

28
Q

Which of the following is the most common type of insurance coverage in the US?

A. self-insurance
B. employer provided
C. medicaid
D. medicare
E. medicare + private insurance

A

B. employer provided

29
Q

People who have been uninsured for a year or longer in the USE are more likely to be in all of the following groups except:

A. reside in a southern state
B. sicker
C. older
D. hispanic/latinx
E. poor

A

C. older

30
Q

The Affordable Care Act passed in 2010 created financial penalties when a hospital’s readmission rate for Medicare patients exceeds an unacceptable level.

T/F

A

True

31
Q

Medicare coverage begins for most patients at which of the following ages?

A

65

32
Q

When implemented in 1966, Medicare only provided coverage for which of the following?

A. dental care
B. in-patient hospital care
C. eyeglasses
D. outpatient prescription drugs

A

B. in-patient hospital care

33
Q

The Affordable Care Act expanded the eligibility of individuals to be covered by Medicaid and has been adopted in most states except in which region of the US?

A. New England
B. South
C. Midwest
D. Central Plains
E. West Coast

A

B. South

34
Q

The percentage of patients on Medicare that choose the managed care option (Medicare Advantage) has grown significantly over the past 10 years.

T/F

A

True

35
Q

In contrast to enrollment numbers, Medicaid per enrollee spending is significantly greater for the elderly and individuals with disabilities compared to children and adults.

T/F

A

True

36
Q

Which of the following has the greatest impact on health and life expectancy?

A. socioeconomic factors
B. physical environment
C. choices and behaviors
D. healthcare
E. none of the above

A

A. socioeconomic factors

37
Q

Life expectancy for patients with T1DM is lowest in which of the following geographic regions?

A. North America
B. South America
C. Europe/Asia
D. Africa
E. Australia

A

D. Africa

38
Q

Higher-income populations are more insulated from the impacts of SDOH and tend to have better outcomes.

T/F

A

True

39
Q

The routine use of EMRs in health-systems has made the transmission of medical information about a patient less burdensome for providers as long as they are part of the same health system.

T/F

A

True

40
Q

For an 87 yo patient with multiple chronic diseases and meds, who lives alone, and has mobility issues, all of the following individuals are logical to include in a transitions of care pre-discharge conference except:

A. pharmacist
B. primary caregiver
C. hospital VP for patient services
D. physical therapist
E. nurse care coordinator

A

C. hospital VP for patient services

41
Q

Following the discharge of the previously described pt from a 7 day hospitalization to home, someone from the transitions of care team should follow up with a patient within:

A. 1-2 days
B. 5-7 days
C. 2 weeks
D. 4 weeks
E. no follow-up is necessary

A

A. 1-2 days

42
Q

The impact of addressing SDOH on health outcomes in certain populations is not evident as most studies only last for 1 year which is too short to observe any real impact.

T/F

A

True

43
Q

The current initiative at IU Health (The FRESH Program) to provide DM patients with healthier food options over a sustained period of time has NOT produced beneficial clinical outcomes, such as a reduction in Hgb A1c

T/F

A

False

44
Q

Which of the following is commonly performed by pharmacists/techs/Rx students when a pt is admitted to a hospital to verify the current list of medications a pt is taking?

A. medication history
B. MTM
C. medication reconcilliation
D. patient counseling

A

C. medication reconcilliation

45
Q

Which of the following groups is the fastest growing segment of the US population?

A. asian
B. black
C. native american
D. hispanic
E. white

A

D. hispanic

46
Q

Which of the following racial groups in the US (and in Indiana) has the highest incidence of maternal mortality per 100% of the population?

A. asian
B. black
C. hispanic
D. white

A

B. black

47
Q

Which of the following pieces of legislation passed by Congress played the greatest role in desegregating hospitals and opening medical care to people of color, especially in the South?

A. Hill-Burton Act
B. Medicare
C. Civil Rights Bill

A

B. Medicare

48
Q

According to the author of the podcast and assigned article last week, one means to help assure pharmacoequity is to make the right choice in the EHR, the ______ choice in the EHR.

A. least expensive
B. easy
C. most technical
D. difficult

A

B. easy

49
Q

The managed care version of Medicare is which of the following?

A. part A
B. part B
C. part C
D. part D

A

C. part C

50
Q

The major reason for the implementation of managed care strategies to healthcare is:

A. to collect data to make pop health decisions
B. control ever rising costs
C. improve outcomes
D. improve accessibility to health care

A

C. improve outcomes

51
Q

Accountable Care Organizations assume some financial risks if the cost of care is greater than the negotiated price with the payor

T/F

A

True

52
Q

During the past 15 years, there has been a major shift towards which of the following types of health care plans for covered workers?

A. conventional insurance
B. HMOs
C. PPOs
D. high-deductible health plans

A

D. high-deductible health plans

53
Q

Specialty drugs are most likely to be placed in which of the following tiers of a prescription drug plan?

A. Tier 5
B. Tier 4
C. Tier 3
D. Tier 2
E. Tier 1

A

B. Tier 4

PHRM 849 Pop Health (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions