exam 1

Question 1

major disaccharides

Answer 1

• sucrose
• lactose
• maltose

Question 2

sucrose

Answer 2

• glucose
• fructose
• sucrase enzyme

Question 3

lactose

Answer 3

• glucose
• galactose
• lactase enzyme

Question 4

maltose

Answer 4

• glucose
• glucose
• maltase enzyme

Question 5

transporters for absorption into the enterocyte

Answer 5

• SGLT1
• GLUT2
• GLUT5

Question 6

SGLT 1

Answer 6

• glucose and 2 Na+ into the cell

Question 7

GLUT2

Answer 7

moves monosaccharides through the cell and out

Question 8

GLUT5

Answer 8

moves fructose into the cell, no Na needed

Question 9

monosaccharides absorbed via active transport

Answer 9

glucose, needs ATP

Question 10

monosaccharides absorbed via facilitated diffusion

Answer 10

fructose

Question 11

enzymes for protein digestion in the stomach

Answer 11

• pepsinogen (pepsin)

Question 12

enzymes for p digestion in SI

Answer 12

• from pancreas
• trypsin
• chymotrypsin

Question 13

lipid hormones in stomach

Answer 13

gastric lipase from chief cells

Question 14

lipid hormones in SI

Answer 14

pancreatic lipase

Question 15

p hormones in stomach

Answer 15

• pepsin
• gastrin (stim CC)

Question 16

p hormone in SI

Answer 16

• carboxypeptidase
• oligopeptides

Question 17

carb hormones

Answer 17

insulin

Question 18

anaerobic energy systems

Answer 18

• phosphagen system
• glycolysis

Question 19

phosphagen system

Answer 19

no lag time, 6 seconds, depends on phosphocreatine, limited ability to make ATP so relies on stores

Question 20

glycolysis

Answer 20

90-120 seconds, depends on glucose
1. 1 glycose = 2 pyruvate
2. Go to krebs cycle

Question 21

aerobic energy systems

Answer 21

• Krebs cycle
• ETC

Question 22

Krebs

Answer 22

needs energy to start, form 2 atp

Question 23

glucose and fructose absorbed into SI at _____ and ____ g/h

Answer 23

60
25

Question 24

absorbing different sources of carbohydrates during exercise term

Answer 24

multiple transportable carbohydrates

Question 25

benefit of consuming carbs during exercise

Answer 25

a. Helps stamina b. Helps the body not use protein (muscles) c. Helps concentration

Question 26

carbs for 30-60 min

Answer 26

none (mouth rinse)

Question 27

carbs for 60 minutes to 2 hrs

Answer 27

30g/h

Question 28

carbs for 2-3 h

Answer 28

60g/h

Question 29

carbs for 3+ h

Answer 29

90g/h

Question 30

how muscle glycogen helps support team sport players

Answer 30

a. Team sport athletes need more stamina b. Prolonged periods of multiple sprints drain muscle glycogen stores (e.g. glycolysis), leading to a decrease in power output and a reduction in the general work rate during training and competition. Adopting nutritional strategies to ensure that muscle glycogen stores are well stocked prior to training and competition helps delay fatigue c. Helps with motor skills

Question 31

post exercise glycogen resynthesis methods

Answer 31

- 1.2 g/kg carbs alone - 0.8 g/kg + 0.4 g/kg carb and protein

Question 32

best time to consume carbs and why

Answer 32

a. 30-60 minutes post-exercise to take the most advantage of GLUT4 that is already at the muscle cell and ready to transport glucose from blood to muscle.

Question 33

major factors that influence glycogen synth after exercise

Answer 33

a. Glycogen synthase as rate limiting enzyme b. Rapid phase = more GLUT4, insulin independent, more synthase activity responsive to less muscle glycogen content c. Slow phase = insulin dependent, still synthesizing but at much slower rate d. More muscle glycogen concentration, less GLUT4 activity

Question 34

how much glycogen can be stored in both liver and muscle

Answer 34

- liver = 80-100g - muscle = 300-500g

Question 35

brief exercise carbs

Answer 35

< 45 mins none

Question 36

sustained high-intensity

Answer 36

45-75 m - 30g or less

Question 37

endurance

Answer 37

1-2.5 h - 30-60g/h with MTC

Question 38

stop and start sports

Answer 38

90 m - up to 50-60g/h with MTC

Question 39

ultra endurance

Answer 39

2.5-3+ h - up to 90g/h with MTC

Question 40

light exercise daily

Answer 40

- low intensity - 3-5g/kg

Question 41

moderate exercise daily

Answer 41

1 h/day - 5-7g/kg

Question 42

high exercise daily

Answer 42

1-3h/d - 6-10g/kg

Question 43

very high exercise daily

Answer 43

>4-5h/d - 8-12 g/kg