Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anthropology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

when the author of your textbook, cultural anthropologist Ken Guest, traveled to the remote village of Fuzhou, China, some villagers laughed and said go back to New York! Most of our village is there already! what does this anecdote illustrate

A

Time-space compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Through ethnographic fieldwork, anthropologists change not only the lives of those they are studying, but theri own lives as well. Identify ways that fieldwork can affect anthropologists

A

Ways it does : makes the familiar seem unfamiliar, makes the unfamiliar seem familiar
Not Ways it does: reinforces preconceived ideas about culture, creates ethnology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anthropology’s cross-cultural and comparative approach involves comparing _________ across cultures to explore _____________, and the potential for human _____________

A

practices, similarities and differences, cultural expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the global populatioin as of 2020

A

7.7 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the projected population for 2050

A

9.8 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

An example of particiapant observation

A

working in and studying corporate offices
living with the Bemba people of Zambia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Not examples of particiapant observation

A

working in a non-government organization
studying human effect on the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the unequal distribution of the benefits of globalization

A

uneven development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

strategies that corporations use to accrue profit

A

flexible accumulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The effects that communication nd transportation technologies have on the way we thing about time and space

A

time-space compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

accelerated movement of people within and between countries

A

increasing migration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In describing Americans as the Nacirema, what was Horace Miner;s primary intent

A

to help American readers experience that tension between what is familiar and what is strange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Techniques used by cultural anthropologists

A

participant observation
ethnology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Techniques not used by cultural anthropologists

A

excavation
four-field approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the theory approach that Ignores the dynamics of conflict, tension, and change within a society

A

structural functionalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the theory approach that ignores power dynamics

A

interpretivist approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the theory approach that is too general and racist

A

unilineal cultural evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which of the following describes how anthropologists describe the primary way humans adapt to and manipulate their physical and social environments, in light of the human evolutionary past

A

Cultural adaptation has mostly replaced genetic adaptation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is epigenetic

A

the study of how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are examples of mental map of reality

A

race and time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are not examples of mental maps of reality

A

privacy and money

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the ability or potential to brign about change thrugh action or influence, is often related to

A

power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the uneven distribution of resources and privileges in society

A

stratification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Emic

A

understanding a community in its own terms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Etic

A

viewing a community as an outsider

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Identify the force that anthropologists of finance suggest is behind the global expansion of capitalism in the twenty-first century.

A

circulation of capital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

pastoralism

A

transhumance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

agriculture

A

use of machinery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

horticulture

A

slash-and-burn agriculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are the four fields of anthropology

A

Cultural
Linguistic
Archeology
Physical/Biological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What do we look at in a Holistic Approach to humanity

A

pre/historical
biological
social
language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Is Anthroplogy old?

A

no it is relatively new - (developed during colonization)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

When did Anthropology become a discipline

A

around the 1800s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is anthropology’s sister

A

sociology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Anthropology approaches

A

intensive documentation of culture
cross-cultural comparison
exploration of power and agency in cultures
global/local connections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what is culture

A

system of knowledge, beliefs, patterns of behavior, artifacts, and insitutions that are created, learned, shared, and contested by a group of people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Is culture shared? is it Contested?

A

yes and yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Norms

A

ways of behaving that are considered appropriate
establishes not only normativity but also non-normativity

39
Q

Values

A

Core beliefs about goodness and standards of behavior - US culture and valueing freedom

40
Q

Mental Maps of reality

A

How we categorize the world around us
hwo we assign value to different categories=

41
Q

Developing Culture

A

unilinear evolution
historical particularism
structural functionalism
interpretivist

42
Q

The developing culture Historical Particularism looks at

A

cultures understood within historical context
historical context changes over timea nd shapes cultural development
sees biological and cultural differences as adaptations to different external forces

43
Q

The developing culture Structural Functionalism looks at

A

societies are coherent and integrated entities
all parts of society serve a function and work in tandem with other parts of society
living organisms make a balance
ignores change and conflict

44
Q

The developing culture Interpretivist looks at

A

culture as symbolic and meaningful
conscious and unconscious behaviors and communicating meaning

45
Q

power

A

ability or potential to bring change through action or influence
physical force, legal social hegemony

46
Q

personal power

A

pwer as an attribute of a person, emphasiing potency or capability

47
Q

interpersonal power

A

power as the ability to impose on another in a social action adn interpersonal relations

48
Q

organizational power

A

power that controls the setting in wich interaction may take place

49
Q

Structural Power

A

Power that structures the overarching political economy
shapes the social field of action so as to render some kinds of behavior possible, while making others less possible

50
Q

Stratification

A

uneven distribution of power - priveleges and resources

51
Q

hegemony

A

ability of a dominant group to foster consent and compliance without use of force

52
Q

agency

A

power shapes our opportunities but within opportunities we have the ability to choose

53
Q

Agency has these three things

A

resisting power
hegemony
acquiescing

54
Q

nature vs nurture

A

to waht extent is our behavior a result of our biology/culture

55
Q

Biological determinism/essentialism

A

concept that all human behavior is determined by genes, brain size, or other biological factors

56
Q

Cartesian Dualism

A

seperation of mind/body
seperation of nature/nurture

57
Q

gut microbiome and mental functioning

A

what you eat impact how you think and how you behave

58
Q

Epigenetics

A

How environmental factors affect gene expression that is inherited between generations

59
Q

Developmental systems theory

A

idea that nature and nurture are not two fundamentally different types of processes

60
Q

Global Web of interaction

A

how do you define purdue community
who is included or excluded in this community
where is the community located

61
Q

time space interaction

A

the rate of which we can communicate with each other

62
Q

Ethnography

A

intense interpersonal interaction over a long period of time

63
Q

Primary methods of ethnography

A

participant observation and conversations

64
Q

participant observations

A

spending extedned periods of time embedded in people’s lives and actively participating in events (spectacualr and mundane) and systematically observing behavior

65
Q

Conversations

A

casual and purposeful
not the same as an interview
attempt to create natural types of interactions

66
Q

The best way to predict the future is to invent it

A

1971 alan kau

67
Q

there is now anyone would want a computer in their home

A

1977 kan

68
Q

what is alto

A

first graphical computer - 1973

69
Q

Ethnography

A

the study of human behavior within a culture

70
Q

Hidden Obvious

A

insights that are obvious only after you point them out

71
Q

Mutual Transformation

A

also called the hawthorne effect
the potential fot he process of research to alter the people/phenomenon being researched

72
Q

Reflexicithe and postionality

A

role of the ethnographer and their social positioning
influences the relationship between anthropologist and community
influences the type of data collected

73
Q

AAA code of ethics

A

established 1971
modified in years since
institutionazl review board for research on human subjects

74
Q

Ethics

A

do no harm
informed consent
anonymity

75
Q

Anonymity

A

follow the wishes of the patient

76
Q

what is economy

A

not an entity on its own
detached form social and political process

77
Q

modes of production

A

foraging
pastoralism
horticulture
agriculture
industrial agriculture

78
Q

foraging

A

hunting, gathering, fishing, scavenging
mobile lifestyle
smaller populations
egalitarian or ranked

79
Q

Pastoralism

A

humans have a long history of domesticating animals
ranges from mobile communities that tend to herd of various sizes to indeustrialized meat production

80
Q

Horticulture

A

small scale cultivation of plants
polycrop - produces wide variety of crops

81
Q

Agriculture

A

egan about 10,000 years ago
intensice farming that permantly alters the landscape
monocrop - focus on planting more of fewer crops

82
Q

Industrial agriculture

A

agriculture that involves mechanization and mass production
agribusiness = corporate farming
intensive alteration fo the landscape

83
Q

migration

A

humans on the move

84
Q

age of exploration

A

Europeans leave Europe en masse

85
Q

globalization and migration

A

globalization has dramatically increased migration patterns

86
Q

Major Trends

A

global south to global north
rural to urban

87
Q

Regional Migration

A

Artificial division of worl into geiographical regions

88
Q

why do people move

A

economic reasons
ecological reasons
political reasons
social reasons

89
Q

push factor

A

factors that encourage people to leave a location

90
Q

pull factors

A

factors that encourgae people to go to a location

91
Q

Bridges and barriers

A

factors the inhibit or enable migration

92
Q

cumulative causation

A

conditions over time that influence a culture of expectation about migration

93
Q

temporality

A

seasonal migration?

Anthropology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions