Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EBME 202 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

cannot feel lower leg muscles but can move them. lower legs do not respond to stretch reflex testing and therfore walking is compromised.

A

dorsal spinal root, lumbar/sacral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cannot move or feel quadriceps. muscles do not respond to stretch reflex testing. can move and feel hamstrings.

A

peripheral nerve in quadriceps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cannot feel anything from the hands, but can move them fine, sign their name well and hands rspond to reflexes.

A

sensory humoculi at hand.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

uncoordinated in every motor test given. can move all muscles, but movements are shaky and inaccurate.

A

cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

arms and fingers work well, no upper extremity problems. can stand still, but can’t control hamstrings or toes very well when trying to walk. brain scan normal.

A

lateral cortical spinal tract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

their heart rate is too slow and cant speed up

A

sympathetic innervation of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

person can notice that sounds and smells are changing, but can’t indentify the musci or smells. cant understand instructions. sound and smell reflexes are intact. eyes work, but can’t identify people in pictures.

A

parietal lobe-processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

can’t plan tasks. reflexes work fine. can perform very simple tasks but no complex movements. does not perform well when given instructions to perform a movement.

A

prefrontal cortex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the subject died

A

brain stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

can feel the entire body accurately. cannot moves toes or bladder and they dont respond to reflex testing.

A

lumbar spinal, ventral root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cannot move or feel anything below the waist. lower body and pelvic reflexes work correctly. brain scan in normal.

A

white mater, thoracic level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how does rubbing your arm after you bump into the wall make it hurt less?

A

it activates the large nerve fibers which inhibits pain, which then reduces small fiber pain input.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the primary difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?

A

the somatic nervous system has sensory and motor pathways while the autonomic only has motor pathways. the autonomic is involuntary movements while the somatic is voluntary. automic then has the parasympathetic and sympatheic nervous systems. autonomic has pre and post ganglionic neurons that connect to the central nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the primary sympathetic and parasympathetic neurotransmitters?

A

parasympathetic: acetylcholine
sympathetic: norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the most important specific neuroanatomical structure involved in motor control?

A

motor neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the four tpes of information that all sensory systems convey?

A

locaation, timing, intensity, modality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

explain the concept of temporal summation

A

converts many rapid weak pulses into one large signal. increase frequency of firing-> strength of the signal related to firing frequency.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

identify the 2 types of photoreceptors and compare their four most important characteristics.

A

rods: light sensitive, not in fova, slower, fine tunes corrections in vision.
cones: color sensitive, in fova, faster, three tyrpes-red, blue, green

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

neck flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

a muscle that crosses on the medial side of the hip joint

A

adduction of the leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

external oblique muscles

A

flexion of vertebral column. rotation and lateral bending of the trunk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

a muscle that crosses on the posterior side of the elbow joint

A

elbow extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

an antagonist to the gastrocnemius

A

dorsiflexes the foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

gluteus maximus

A

hip extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

extensor carpi radialis

A

extends wrist and abducts hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

fibularis muscles

A

eversion and plantar flexion of the foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

frontalis

A

raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

obiculoris oculi

A

closes eye, squinting, blinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

obiculoris oris

A

closes mouth, protrudes lips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

zygomaticus

A

smiling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

masseter

A

closes jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

external intercostals

A

elevate and expand the rib cage. inhalation

33
Q

internal intercostals

A

compresses the rib cage. exhalation

34
Q

rectus abdominis

A

flexes the vertebral column

35
Q

transverse abdominis

A

compresses abdominal.

36
Q

deltoid

A

abducts arm

37
Q

pectoralis major

A

adducts and flexes humerus

38
Q

trapezius

A

raises, retracts, and rotates scapula

39
Q

latissumus dorsi

A

extends and adducts humerus

40
Q

biceps brachii

A

flexes elbow and supinates forearm

41
Q

brachialis

A

flexes elbow

42
Q

brachioradialis

A

flexes elbow

43
Q

triceps brachii

A

extends elbow

44
Q

flexor capri ulnaris

A

flexes wrist and adducts hand

45
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis

A

flexes wrist and finegrs

46
Q
A
47
Q

flexor carpi radialis

A

flexes wrist and abducts hand

48
Q

extensor digitorum

A

extends fingers

49
Q

gluteus medius

A

abducts thigh

50
Q

iliopsoas

A

flexes hip

51
Q

adductor muslces

A

adducts and medially rotates the thigh

52
Q

hamstring group

A

flexes knee and extends hip

53
Q

sartorius

A

flexes hip and knee

54
Q

quadriceps group

A

extends the knee and flexes hip

55
Q

tibialis anterior

A

dorsiflexes and inverts foot

56
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A

extends toes

57
Q

fibularis muscles

A

plantar flex and evert foot

58
Q

gastrocnemius

A

flexes knee, plantar flexes foot

59
Q

ehat bones are attachedd to the distal end of the humerus?

A

ulna and radius

60
Q

what are the tru ribs attached to anteriorly?

A

the sternum

61
Q

what is superior to the most superior lumbar vertebrae?

A

thoracic rib cage/vertebrae

62
Q

what do the metatarsals articulate with on the posterior side?

A

tarsals

63
Q

in anatomical position, which finger is most lateral?

A

thumb

64
Q

which is more inferior: the cephalic region or the cervical region?

A

cervical

65
Q

which of the following are true abiut the functions of organ systems in the body?

A

-the cardiovascular systems primary function is to deliver oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to the organ of the body.
-the primary function of the respiratory system is to acquire oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the blood.

66
Q

which of the folllowing are true about body tissues?

A

-bone, catilage, and blood are classes (types) of connective tissue.
-schwann cells, which produce myelin, are a component of nervous tissue

67
Q

which of the following about bone growth and remodeling are true?

A

-ossification in an embryo involves laying down bone matrix on a hyaline cartilage template.
-osteoclasts are bone destroying cells
-osteoblasts are bone remodeling cells
-bone remodeling can occur due to changes in mechanical stresses on the bone or to regulate blood levels of calcium ions

68
Q

which of the following are tue about joints?

A

-synovial joints are enclosed within an articular capsule containing lubricating fluid.
-the hip joint is an example of a ball and socket joint

69
Q

which receptor transduces muscle position?

A

muscle spindle

70
Q

which receptor transduces muscle force?

A

golgi tendon organ

71
Q

why are EMG amplitudes greater than ENG amplitudes?

A

there is a greater ion flow

72
Q

what are the neural circuits called that generate rythmic patterns without needing rythmic inputs?

A

central pattern generator

73
Q

which neuroanatomical structure evaluates the difference between motor intent and action and what is the relative ratio of axons entering compared to those leaving?

A

cerebellum. 40 times more axons entering than leaving

74
Q

diameter of motor neuron

A

40-50 micrometers

75
Q

diameter of a motor neurons axon

A

15-20 micrometers

76
Q

glycolytic metabolism

A

the muscles in a larger motor unit get fatigued much faster than the muscles in a smaller motor unit

77
Q

diameeter of nerve fasicle containing the motorneuron axon

A

1 mm

78
Q

1 million axons descend from the motor cortex to the spinal cord in the

A

corticospinal tracts

EBME 202 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions