Exam 1

Question 1

What are the 3 P’s (potential explanatory variables for pessimism)

Answer 1

policy, players, processes

Question 2

the issues on the agenda

Answer 2

policy

Question 3

the people we elect and those that surround him

Answer 3

players

Question 4

how we make decisions and end up with the government we have, and how the rules and norms get in the way and frustrate

Answer 4

processes

Question 5

Verba, Schlozman, and Brady’s 3 reasons why people don’t participate

Answer 5

they can’t, they don’t want to, nobody asked

Question 6

lacking resources (time and money) or note effective at using such resources (inefficient)

Answer 6

they can’t

Question 7

little interest in politics (overall or now) or think they can’t make a difference (no efficacy)

Answer 7

they don’t want to

Question 8

isolated from networks of recruitment or people around them in everyday life aren’t political

Answer 8

nobody asked

Question 9

Gosnell’s 1924 “Non-Voting Causes and Methods of Control”

Answer 9

physical difficulties, legal and administrative obstacles, disbelief in voting, inertia

Question 10

illness is what cause of non-voting

Answer 10

physical difficulties

Question 11

insufficient legal residence is what cause of non-voting

Answer 11

legal and administrative obstacles

Question 12

general indifference or ignorance is what cause of non-voting

Answer 12

inertia

Question 13

Verba, Schlozman, and Brady’s four reasons people participate

Answer 13

material benefits, collective outcomes, social gratification, civic gratification

Question 14

want to solve personal problems

Answer 14

material benefits

Question 15

want to influence policy for all in society

Answer 15

collective outcomes

Question 16

exciting, enjoyment

Answer 16

social gratification

Question 17

sense of duty, doing one’s share

Answer 17

civic gratification

Question 18

Possible outcomes of participation

Answer 18

awareness, engagement, a voice for the underrepresented, opinion change, policy change

Question 19

3 ways constitutions can change

Answer 19

revolution, amendments, interpretation

Question 20

Amending constitutions is difficult because it risks the

Answer 20

legitimacy of the Constitution

Question 21

Whose interpretation of what amendments mean is key

Answer 21

supreme court

Question 22

4 common approaches to interpretation

Answer 22

strict constructionism, textualism, originalism, living constitution

Question 23

apply the text as written, don’t interpret further is what approach to interpretation

Answer 23

strict constructionism

Question 24

ordinary meaning of the words in the document is what approach to interpretation

Answer 24

textualism

Question 25

what was the original meaning is what approach to interpretation

Answer 25

originalism

Question 26

take contemporary society into account is what approach to interpretation

Answer 26

living constitution

Question 27

What are the cons of federalism?

Answer 27

laws not uniform from one place to the next, complicated to get levels to work together, confusion for citizens over where to turn to solve problems

Question 28

What are the pros of federalism?

Answer 28

experimentation, respect subcultures, opportunities for citizens

Question 29

speaking or acting on behalf of someone or something

Answer 29

representation

Question 30

who made the classic model of representation

Answer 30

Warren Miller, Donald Stokes

Question 31

how often does a representative vote the way the majority wants

Answer 31

congruence

Question 32

what interests shape decision-making

Answer 32

constituency, personal, presidential, party, group

Question 33

what are the 4 styles of representing

Answer 33

delegate, partisan, trustee, politico

Question 34

do what the district wants

Answer 34

delegate

Question 35

do what the party wants

Answer 35

partisan

Question 36

do what I think is best

Answer 36

trustee

Question 37

choose one of the other 3 based on the issue

Answer 37

politico

Question 38

Heinz Eulau and Paul Karps' other forms of representation

Answer 38

service, allocation, symbolic

Question 39

respond to specific needs, wants, and problems in your area

Answer 39

service

Question 40

bring home the cash to your area

Answer 40

allocation

Question 41

getting things on the agenda, listening to all voices, building relationships

Answer 41

symbolic

Question 42

restrictions on speech and protest

Answer 42

time, place, manner

Question 43

what might be achieved by protests (7)

Answer 43

passing legislation, changing public opinion, mobilization, agenda setting, electing candidates, emergence of new leaders, a more informed public

Question 44

What phrase was coined by political scientist Eitan Hersh?

Answer 44

political hobbyism

Question 45

Define political hobbyism

Answer 45

feeling the need to offer a hot take for each daily political flare-up

Question 46

How does political hobbyism make politics worse?

Answer 46

it takes time from actually doing things that might build power

Question 47

Define collective representation

Answer 47

some elected officials stand for groups broader, more dispersed than a geographical location

Question 48

Define descriptive representation

Answer 48

linkages between underrepresented groups and elected officials who have demographics

Question 49

Marcus, Sullivan, Theiss-Morse, and Wood's argument

Answer 49

tolerance is shaped by multiple assessments of the situation

Question 50

What protest characteristics lead to a more informed public? (Gillion's Infomation Continuum)

Answer 50

large crowds at a single moment, persistence over time, strong organizational support, police presence

Question 51

Most informative protests also have

Answer 51

arrests and violence

Question 52

Conclusion of Gillion's Information Continuum

Answer 52

contentiousness matters