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Government > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

Study for Exam 1

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1
Q

What are the 3 P’s (potential explanatory variables for pessimism)

A

policy, players, processes

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2
Q

the issues on the agenda

A

policy

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3
Q

the people we elect and those that surround him

A

players

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4
Q

how we make decisions and end up with the government we have, and how the rules and norms get in the way and frustrate

A

processes

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5
Q

Verba, Schlozman, and Brady’s 3 reasons why people don’t participate

A

they can’t, they don’t want to, nobody asked

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6
Q

lacking resources (time and money) or note effective at using such resources (inefficient)

A

they can’t

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7
Q

little interest in politics (overall or now) or think they can’t make a difference (no efficacy)

A

they don’t want to

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8
Q

isolated from networks of recruitment or people around them in everyday life aren’t political

A

nobody asked

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9
Q

Gosnell’s 1924 “Non-Voting Causes and Methods of Control”

A

physical difficulties, legal and administrative obstacles, disbelief in voting, inertia

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10
Q

illness is what cause of non-voting

A

physical difficulties

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11
Q

insufficient legal residence is what cause of non-voting

A

legal and administrative obstacles

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12
Q

general indifference or ignorance is what cause of non-voting

A

inertia

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13
Q

Verba, Schlozman, and Brady’s four reasons people participate

A

material benefits, collective outcomes, social gratification, civic gratification

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14
Q

want to solve personal problems

A

material benefits

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15
Q

want to influence policy for all in society

A

collective outcomes

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16
Q

exciting, enjoyment

A

social gratification

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17
Q

sense of duty, doing one’s share

A

civic gratification

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18
Q

Possible outcomes of participation

A

awareness, engagement, a voice for the underrepresented, opinion change, policy change

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19
Q

3 ways constitutions can change

A

revolution, amendments, interpretation

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20
Q

Amending constitutions is difficult because it risks the

A

legitimacy of the Constitution

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21
Q

Whose interpretation of what amendments mean is key

A

supreme court

22
Q

4 common approaches to interpretation

A

strict constructionism, textualism, originalism, living constitution

23
Q

apply the text as written, don’t interpret further is what approach to interpretation

A

strict constructionism

24
Q

ordinary meaning of the words in the document is what approach to interpretation

A

textualism

25
Q

what was the original meaning is what approach to interpretation

A

originalism

26
Q

take contemporary society into account is what approach to interpretation

A

living constitution

27
Q

What are the cons of federalism?

A

laws not uniform from one place to the next, complicated to get levels to work together, confusion for citizens over where to turn to solve problems

28
Q

What are the pros of federalism?

A

experimentation, respect subcultures, opportunities for citizens

29
Q

speaking or acting on behalf of someone or something

A

representation

30
Q

who made the classic model of representation

A

Warren Miller, Donald Stokes

31
Q

how often does a representative vote the way the majority wants

A

congruence

32
Q

what interests shape decision-making

A

constituency, personal, presidential, party, group

33
Q

what are the 4 styles of representing

A

delegate, partisan, trustee, politico

34
Q

do what the district wants

A

delegate

35
Q

do what the party wants

A

partisan

36
Q

do what I think is best

A

trustee

37
Q

choose one of the other 3 based on the issue

A

politico

38
Q

Heinz Eulau and Paul Karps’ other forms of representation

A

service, allocation, symbolic

39
Q

respond to specific needs, wants, and problems in your area

A

service

40
Q

bring home the cash to your area

A

allocation

41
Q

getting things on the agenda, listening to all voices, building relationships

A

symbolic

42
Q

restrictions on speech and protest

A

time, place, manner

43
Q

what might be achieved by protests (7)

A

passing legislation, changing public opinion, mobilization, agenda setting, electing candidates, emergence of new leaders, a more informed public

44
Q

What phrase was coined by political scientist Eitan Hersh?

A

political hobbyism

45
Q

Define political hobbyism

A

feeling the need to offer a hot take for each daily political flare-up

46
Q

How does political hobbyism make politics worse?

A

it takes time from actually doing things that might build power

47
Q

Define collective representation

A

some elected officials stand for groups broader, more dispersed than a geographical location

48
Q

Define descriptive representation

A

linkages between underrepresented groups and elected officials who have demographics

49
Q

Marcus, Sullivan, Theiss-Morse, and Wood’s argument

A

tolerance is shaped by multiple assessments of the situation

50
Q

What protest characteristics lead to a more informed public? (Gillion’s Infomation Continuum)

A

large crowds at a single moment, persistence over time, strong organizational support, police presence

51
Q

Most informative protests also have

A

arrests and violence

52
Q

Conclusion of Gillion’s Information Continuum

A

contentiousness matters

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