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NRS 223 > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Abiotic

A

Non-living factors in the environment, such as temperature, water, sunlight, soil, and nutrients, which influence living organisms.

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2
Q

Acid Rain

A

Precipitation (rain, snow, or fog) that has become acidic due to pollutants in the atmosphere, primarily sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides released from burning fossil fuels

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3
Q

Alleles

A

Different versions of a gene that can produce different traits or characteristics in an organism.

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4
Q

Alpha Diversity

A

The diversity of species within a particular habitat or ecosystem.

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5
Q

Amenity Value

A

The value that people place on the aesthetic, recreational, or cultural benefits provided by natural ecosystems.

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6
Q

Beneficiary Value

A

The value people place on preserving natural resources for future generations or for the benefit of others.

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7
Q

Beta Diversity

A

The diversity of species between different habitats or ecosystems

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8
Q

Binomial

A

A scientific naming system in which each organism is given a two-part name, consisting of its genus and species.

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9
Q

Bioblitz

A

An intensive survey to record all the living species within a designated area during a specific time frame.

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10
Q

Biodiversity

A

The variety of life forms at all levels of organization, including species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity.

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11
Q

Biological Community

A

All the populations of different species that live and interact in a particular area.

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12
Q

Biological Species

A

A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

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13
Q

Biological Diversity

A

Synonymous with biodiversity, referring to the variety of life forms in a given area.

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14
Q

Biomagnification

A

The process by which the concentration of toxins increases at higher trophic levels in a food chain or food web

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15
Q

Biophilia

A

The innate human connection to nature and other living organisms.

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16
Q

Biopiracy

A

The unethical appropriation of indigenous knowledge or biological resources, often for commercial gain, without proper consent or compensation.

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17
Q

Bioprospecting

A

The exploration of biological resources for medicinal, agricultural, or industrial purposes.

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18
Q

Biota

A

The collective term for all living organisms in a particular area or ecosystem.

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19
Q

Biotic

A

Pertaining to living organisms and their interactions within an ecosystem.

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20
Q

Bushmeat

A

Meat from wild animals, especially in tropical regions, obtained through hunting and gathering.

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21
Q

Carnivores

A

Animals that primarily eat meat.

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22
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

The maximum population size that an environment can sustain indefinitely

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23
Q

Commodity Values

A

The economic value of natural resources for use in production or consumption

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24
Q

Common-Property Resources

A

Natural resources that are collectively owned or accessible to all members of a community

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25
Q

Competition

A

The interaction between organisms or species in which both are harmed by their shared use of a resource that is in limited supply

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26
Q

Conservation Biology

A

The scientific study of the preservation and management of biodiversity

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27
Q

Consumptive Use Value

A

The value derived from directly using natural resources, such as harvesting timber or hunting wildlife for food

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28
Q

Cost-Benefit Analysis

A

A method used to compare the costs and benefits of a project, policy, or action.

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29
Q

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

A

A method used to determine the most cost-efficient way to achieve a specific goal or outcome

30
Q

Cryptic Species

A

Species that are morphologically similar but genetically distinct

31
Q

Decomposers

A

Organisms, such as fungi and bacteria, that break down dead organic matter into simpler substances.

32
Q

Deep Ecology

A

A philosophy that advocates for the intrinsic value of all living beings and their interconnectedness with the environment

33
Q

Detritivores

A

Organisms that feed on detritus, or dead organic matter, breaking it down into smaller particles.

34
Q

Direct Use Values

A

The economic value derived directly from using natural resources

35
Q

Ecological Economics

A

An interdisciplinary field that integrates ecological principles into economic theory and practice

36
Q

Ecological Footprint

A

The measure of human demand on the Earth’s ecosystems, expressed as the area of land and water needed to sustainably support human activities

37
Q

Economics

A

The study of how societies allocate scarce resources to satisfy unlimited wants and needs

38
Q

Ecosystem

A

A community of living organisms and their physical environment, interacting as a system

39
Q

Ecosystem Diversity

A

The variety of ecosystems within a region or biome

40
Q

Ecosystem Engineers

A

Organisms that modify their environment, often creating new habitats for other species

41
Q

Ecosystem Management

A

The sustainable management and conservation of ecosystems to maintain their ecological integrity and function

42
Q

Ecosystem Services

A

The benefits that ecosystems provide to humans, including provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting services

43
Q

Ecotourism

A

Tourism that focuses on experiencing and appreciating natural environments and wildlife in a sustainable manner

44
Q

Edge Effects

A

Changes in ecological conditions along the boundary between two different ecosystems

45
Q

Effect Size

A

A measure of the magnitude of a treatment effect or difference between groups in a study

46
Q

Endemic Species

A

Species that are native and restricted to a specific geographic region

47
Q

Environmental DNA (eDNA)

A

Genetic material obtained directly from environmental samples, such as soil or water, to identify species present in an ecosystem

48
Q

Environmental Economics

A

The study of the economic impacts of environmental policies and the valuation of environmental resources

49
Q

Environmental Ethics

A

The branch of philosophy that examines moral values and principles concerning the environment and human interactions with nature

50
Q

Environmental Impact Assessments

A

Studies conducted to evaluate the potential environmental consequences of proposed projects or policies

51
Q

Environmental Justice

A

The fair treatment and involvement of all people, regardless of race, income, or socioeconomic status, in environmental decision-making and the distribution of environmental benefits and burdens

52
Q

Environmentalism

A

The advocacy for the protection and preservation of the natural environment, often through activism and public education

53
Q

Eutrophication

A

The process by which a body of water becomes enriched with nutrients, leading to excessive algae growth and oxygen depletion

54
Q

Evolution

A

The process of change in populations of organisms over successive generations, driven by genetic variation, natural selection, and other mechanisms

55
Q

Evolutionary Species

A

A lineage of organisms that shares a common ancestor and evolutionary history

56
Q

Existence Value

A

The value people place on knowing that a species or ecosystem exists, regardless of its usefulness to humans

57
Q

Externalities

A

The unintended side effects of economic activities that affect third parties, either positively or negatively

58
Q

Extinction Cascade

A

A chain reaction of extinctions triggered by the loss of a single species or group of species

59
Q

Food Chains

A

Linear pathways that trace the flow of energy and nutrients from one organism to another in an ecosystem

60
Q

Food Web

A

A complex network of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem, illustrating the feeding relationships among organisms

61
Q

Frontier Forest

A

Large expanses of relatively undisturbed and ecologically intact forest ecosystems

62
Q

Functional Diversity

A

The variety of ecological functions performed by different species within an ecosystem

63
Q

Gamma Diversity

A

The diversity of species across a large geographic area, such as a region or continent

64
Q

Gene Pool

A

The total collection of genes and alleles within a population

65
Q

Genes

A

Units of heredity that carry information from one generation to the next and determine an organism’s traits

66
Q

Genetic Diversity

A

The variety of genes and alleles within a population or species

67
Q

Genetic Structure

A

The distribution of genetic variation within and among populations

68
Q

Genotype

A

An organism’s genetic makeup or combination of alleles

69
Q

Globalization

A

The increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of economies, cultures, and societies on a global scale

70
Q

Guild

A

A group of species that exploit the same resources or occupy similar ecological niches within an ecosystem

NRS 223 (1 decks)

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