Exam 1 Flashcards
Why the individual parts of the body work together?
Integrated Function
What is physiology?
the study of how living organisms function (from molecular to microscopic to whole body function)
How the various levels of organiztions are integrated?
Mechanistic Approach
How is the understanding applied to the overall function of the human body?
Translational Research
What are the four major themes of physiology?
- Structure and function are closely related (molecular interactions and compartmentation)
- Homeostasis maintains internal stability despite external variables
- Living organisms need energy
- Information flow coordinates body function
What is anatomy?
Organizational levels, individual parts, deconstruct the human body
Are all cells the same during early development?
Yes
How do cells become specialized?
They become specialized based on their funciton
What is considered the chemical level aka the molecular level?
Small molecules and macromolecules
What are small molecules?
Carbon dixode and water
What are the four classes of macromolecules?
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
What is considered the cellular level aka organelles?
cells and their functional subunits
What is considered the tissue level?
group of cells working together to perform a common function
What are the four tissue types and their functions?
Epithelum -covers body’s surfaces
Connective- provides support
Muscle-movement
Nervous-communication
What is considered at the organ level?
a discrete structure made up of more than one tissue; functional center
What is considered at the organ system?
Organs working closley together for a common purpose
What is considered at the organism level?
highest level of organization; the result of all simpler levels working in unison
True or False: cells work independently
False
What is the definition of tissues?
a group of closely associated cells that perform related functions and are similar in structure
Are tissues part of the extracellular matrix?
yes, they are a non-living extracellular component
what are the funcitons of connective tissues?
- Connect tissues and bind organs together
- holds in body fluids
- forms basis of skeleton
- store and carry nutrients
- surround all blood vessels and nerves
- protect against infection
