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A&P 2 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the primary pace makers cells are located?

A

SA node

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2
Q

What structure allow action potential to be conducted from one myocyte to another?

A

B. Intercalated disc

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3
Q

How many times is ventricular contraction triggered by one electrical impulse generated in SA node normally?

A

Once

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4
Q

Excitation can be defined as

A

The generation of action potentials

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5
Q

Oxygenated blood leaves the heart via the —— Valve

A

Aortic

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6
Q

What about bradycardia

A

Slow heart rate (<60 bpm)

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7
Q

Which one of the following statements about the first heart sound is false?

A

The first heart sound is longer than the second heart sound

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8
Q

Define contractility

A

The ability to contract especially by muscle fibers and even some other forms of living matter

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9
Q

No blood can enter the ventricles until the atria contract

A

False

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10
Q

Specialized fibers called-receiver is the signal from the bundle of his and cause ventricular contraction

A

Purkinje fibers

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11
Q

Which part of the blood vessel system primarily as a blood reservoir

A

Veins

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12
Q

Which blood vessel are called “resistance vessels”? What about “exchange vessels?

A

Arteries are the resistance vessels and the capillaries are the exchange vessels

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13
Q

Review the flow of blood to and away from the heart.

A

The pulmonary veins deliver O2 blood from the lungs to the heart

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14
Q

Review the three layers of the heart, as well as the pericardium. What is the function of the pericardium?

A

The three layers of the heart are endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium. Pericardium has a function of protecting the heart.

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15
Q

Explain why the wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the wall of the right ventricles.

A

The left ventricle is thicker bc it needs to pump blood for all the body parts and has to work a lot more.

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16
Q

Which of the following is not a feature of the SA node?

A

SA node has stable resting potential

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17
Q

The average resting cardiac cycle takes about 0.8 sec, including—-

A

0.3 sec for ventricular systole and 0.5 sec for ventricular diastole.

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18
Q

QRS complex correspond to——

A

Depolarization of ventricles

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19
Q

The amount of blood ejected by one ventricle in one heartbeat is called—

A

The stroke volume

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20
Q

If the heart rate is 70 beat/min and the stroke volume is 80ml, how much is the cardiac output?

A

70bpm X 80 ml= 5600ml

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21
Q

Cardiac myocytes get nutrient directly from—-

A

The blood in the coronary circulation

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22
Q

Which vessel type allows the exchange of nutrients/waste products between the blood and tissue cells?

A

Capillaries

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23
Q

Which vessel type primarily serve as a blood reservoir?

A

Veins

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24
Q

Which one of the following shows the general route of the blood from and back to the heart?

A

Heart >arteries>arterioles> capillaries> venules> veins> heart

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25
Q

Smooth muscle is present in— of blood vessels.

A

Tunica media

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26
Q

Which of the following statements is not true?

A

Blood pressure is the inside blood vessels

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27
Q

A women’s blood pressure is 120/75 mmHg. What would her mean arterial pressure be? Her pulse pressure?

A

MAP= DSP=1/3 PP
PP=SBP-DSP
=(120)-(75)
=45mm Hg

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28
Q

The mechanism of capillary exchange include—

A

Diffusion, transcytosis, Filtration snd reabsorption

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29
Q

Filtration is the process of—

A

net fluid movement from plasma to tissue fluid

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30
Q

Which organ has the highest priority of receiving blood supply?

A

Brain

31
Q

Being exposed to low external environmental temperature, arterioles under skin–

A

constrict to reduce the loss of heat

32
Q

What are the three basic tissue layers that surround the vessels?

A

tunica Interna, tunica media, tunica externa

33
Q

which disorder is often called “the silent killer”

A

High blood pressure

34
Q

capillaries usually reabsorb about—- percent of the fluid they filter

A

85

35
Q

Which of the following is too big to penetrate capillary wall in most tissues

A

Protein

36
Q

Reabsorption is the process of

A

Net fluid movement from interstitium to plasma

37
Q

The accumulation of excess fluid in tissue is called

A

edema

38
Q

Which capillaries is the most permeable?

A

sinusoid

39
Q

Which type is most common? least common?

A

Continous and sinusoid

40
Q

which type has fenestrations (pores)?

A

Fenestrated

41
Q

which type would you find in lymph tissues and in the spleen?

A

sinusoid

42
Q

Pressure is creates at the - end of capillary beds

A

Arteriole

43
Q

List two possible causes of edema

A

Lymphatic obstruction and hypoproteimens

44
Q

A decrease in plasma protein content will result in

A

An increase in reabsorption

45
Q

venous blood flow is assisted by

A

Gravity, respiratory pump, skeletal muscle pump

46
Q

which type pressure forces fluid OUT of the capillaries and into the interstitial fluid (ISF)?

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

47
Q

Understand the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure

A

systolic is the pressure of the arteries when the heart beats, Diastolic is the pressure of the arteries between heart beats.

48
Q

Which of the following is a normal components of the blood?

A

neurons, water, proteins, glucose

49
Q

The blood has all of the following properties

A

pH- 7.35, 280-295 mOsm, 38 degrees celsius

50
Q

About what percent of body weight is the blood

A

8%

51
Q

what percent of total blood can a healthy adult donate each time without adverse effects?

A

10%

52
Q

what are the following are fxn of the blood?

A

Transport of nutrients and protection

53
Q

what percent of the blood is plasma?

A

-55%

54
Q

One red blood cells contains approximately- hemoglobin molecules.

A

250 million

55
Q

A hemaglobing molecules that is 100% saturated with oxygen is carrying- oxygen molecules?

A

4

56
Q

Which of the following cell type is the most abundant among all formed elements?

A

Erythrocytes

57
Q

ABO blood type is determined by specific glycoproteins (agglutinogens) which are located on

A

Plasma membrane of erythrocytes

58
Q

Type AB blood contains

A

A agglutinogens

59
Q

What happen when a type AB is transfused into the blood stream of a type B person?

A

agglutination of the donor’s erythrocytes

60
Q

In the adults, the blood cells are generated primarily in

A

Red bone marrow

61
Q

Erythrorcytes normally circulate in blood stream for an average of

A

4 months

62
Q

Which organ is especially involved in breaking up old erythrocytes

A

spleen

63
Q

the primary fxn of leukocytes is to

A

Kill pathogens such as bacteria

64
Q

which of the hormones stimulates production of red blood cells

A

erythropoietin

65
Q

Patient, who lost two kidneys and survive on dialysis, most likely has a

A

Low erythrocytes count

66
Q

Under which condition more erythrocytes are produced?

A

Hemorrhaging

67
Q

In response to inflammation, leukocyte count can increase cot 3-4 folds of its normal value of

A

4,000-11,000/ U

68
Q

Leukocytes never leave the blood stream

A

False

69
Q

which of the following steps is not involves in the attack of bacteria which invade in a tissue outside blood vessels?

A

agglutination

70
Q

which if the following is bit a property of erythrocytes?

A

spherical shape

71
Q

which if the following is not a property if erythrocytes?

A

Spherical shape

72
Q

which of the following nutrients except- are especially needed for production of hemoglobin

A

vitamin D

73
Q
A

A&P 2 (2 decks)

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