Exam 1 Flashcards
Where are the primary pace makers cells are located?
SA node
What structure allow action potential to be conducted from one myocyte to another?
B. Intercalated disc
How many times is ventricular contraction triggered by one electrical impulse generated in SA node normally?
Once
Excitation can be defined as
The generation of action potentials
Oxygenated blood leaves the heart via the —— Valve
Aortic
What about bradycardia
Slow heart rate (<60 bpm)
Which one of the following statements about the first heart sound is false?
The first heart sound is longer than the second heart sound
Define contractility
The ability to contract especially by muscle fibers and even some other forms of living matter
No blood can enter the ventricles until the atria contract
False
Specialized fibers called-receiver is the signal from the bundle of his and cause ventricular contraction
Purkinje fibers
Which part of the blood vessel system primarily as a blood reservoir
Veins
Which blood vessel are called “resistance vessels”? What about “exchange vessels?
Arteries are the resistance vessels and the capillaries are the exchange vessels
Review the flow of blood to and away from the heart.
The pulmonary veins deliver O2 blood from the lungs to the heart
Review the three layers of the heart, as well as the pericardium. What is the function of the pericardium?
The three layers of the heart are endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium. Pericardium has a function of protecting the heart.
Explain why the wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the wall of the right ventricles.
The left ventricle is thicker bc it needs to pump blood for all the body parts and has to work a lot more.
Which of the following is not a feature of the SA node?
SA node has stable resting potential
The average resting cardiac cycle takes about 0.8 sec, including—-
0.3 sec for ventricular systole and 0.5 sec for ventricular diastole.
QRS complex correspond to——
Depolarization of ventricles
The amount of blood ejected by one ventricle in one heartbeat is called—
The stroke volume
If the heart rate is 70 beat/min and the stroke volume is 80ml, how much is the cardiac output?
70bpm X 80 ml= 5600ml
Cardiac myocytes get nutrient directly from—-
The blood in the coronary circulation
Which vessel type allows the exchange of nutrients/waste products between the blood and tissue cells?
Capillaries
Which vessel type primarily serve as a blood reservoir?
Veins
Which one of the following shows the general route of the blood from and back to the heart?
Heart >arteries>arterioles> capillaries> venules> veins> heart
Smooth muscle is present in— of blood vessels.
Tunica media
Which of the following statements is not true?
Blood pressure is the inside blood vessels
A women’s blood pressure is 120/75 mmHg. What would her mean arterial pressure be? Her pulse pressure?
MAP= DSP=1/3 PP
PP=SBP-DSP
=(120)-(75)
=45mm Hg
The mechanism of capillary exchange include—
Diffusion, transcytosis, Filtration snd reabsorption
Filtration is the process of—
net fluid movement from plasma to tissue fluid
Which organ has the highest priority of receiving blood supply?
Brain
Being exposed to low external environmental temperature, arterioles under skin–
constrict to reduce the loss of heat
What are the three basic tissue layers that surround the vessels?
tunica Interna, tunica media, tunica externa
which disorder is often called “the silent killer”
High blood pressure
capillaries usually reabsorb about—- percent of the fluid they filter
85
Which of the following is too big to penetrate capillary wall in most tissues
Protein
Reabsorption is the process of
Net fluid movement from interstitium to plasma
The accumulation of excess fluid in tissue is called
edema
Which capillaries is the most permeable?
sinusoid
Which type is most common? least common?
Continous and sinusoid
which type has fenestrations (pores)?
Fenestrated
which type would you find in lymph tissues and in the spleen?
sinusoid
Pressure is creates at the - end of capillary beds
Arteriole
List two possible causes of edema
Lymphatic obstruction and hypoproteimens
A decrease in plasma protein content will result in
An increase in reabsorption
venous blood flow is assisted by
Gravity, respiratory pump, skeletal muscle pump
which type pressure forces fluid OUT of the capillaries and into the interstitial fluid (ISF)?
Hydrostatic Pressure
Understand the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure
systolic is the pressure of the arteries when the heart beats, Diastolic is the pressure of the arteries between heart beats.
Which of the following is a normal components of the blood?
neurons, water, proteins, glucose
The blood has all of the following properties
pH- 7.35, 280-295 mOsm, 38 degrees celsius
About what percent of body weight is the blood
8%
what percent of total blood can a healthy adult donate each time without adverse effects?
10%
what are the following are fxn of the blood?
Transport of nutrients and protection
what percent of the blood is plasma?
-55%
One red blood cells contains approximately- hemoglobin molecules.
250 million
A hemaglobing molecules that is 100% saturated with oxygen is carrying- oxygen molecules?
4
Which of the following cell type is the most abundant among all formed elements?
Erythrocytes
ABO blood type is determined by specific glycoproteins (agglutinogens) which are located on
Plasma membrane of erythrocytes
Type AB blood contains
A agglutinogens
What happen when a type AB is transfused into the blood stream of a type B person?
agglutination of the donor’s erythrocytes
In the adults, the blood cells are generated primarily in
Red bone marrow
Erythrorcytes normally circulate in blood stream for an average of
4 months
Which organ is especially involved in breaking up old erythrocytes
spleen
the primary fxn of leukocytes is to
Kill pathogens such as bacteria
which of the hormones stimulates production of red blood cells
erythropoietin
Patient, who lost two kidneys and survive on dialysis, most likely has a
Low erythrocytes count
Under which condition more erythrocytes are produced?
Hemorrhaging
In response to inflammation, leukocyte count can increase cot 3-4 folds of its normal value of
4,000-11,000/ U
Leukocytes never leave the blood stream
False
which of the following steps is not involves in the attack of bacteria which invade in a tissue outside blood vessels?
agglutination
which if the following is bit a property of erythrocytes?
spherical shape
which if the following is not a property if erythrocytes?
Spherical shape
which of the following nutrients except- are especially needed for production of hemoglobin
vitamin D
