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PSY-100 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

thalamus

A

relays messages between lower brain centers and cerebral cortex

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2
Q

epigenetics

A

the study of the molecular mechanisms by which environments can influence genetic expressions

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3
Q

axon

A

passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands

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4
Q

threshold

A

minimum intensity of a stimulus that is necessary to evoke a response

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5
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

nerves that connect to the spinal chord and run throughout the body

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6
Q

somatic nervous system

A

voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

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7
Q

parasympathetic divison

A

rest and digest

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8
Q

reflex arc

A

allows reflexes to happen really quickly, because the sensory messages don’t have to go all the way up to the brain to be received

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9
Q

hormone

A

chemical messages

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10
Q

pituitary gland

A

endocrine system’s most influential gland- regulates growth and a secretes lots of different hormones

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11
Q

endocrine system

A

glands and organs that make hormones and release them directly into the blood so they can travel to tissues and organs all over the body

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12
Q

midbrain

A

regulate movement

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13
Q

pons

A

helps coordinate movement and sleep control

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14
Q

genetics

A

focuses on what makes us different

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15
Q

monozygotic

A

identical twins, genetically identical

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16
Q

transduction

A

conversion of one form of energy to another

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17
Q

absolute threshold

A

minimum stimulus energy needed to notice something

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18
Q

weber’s law

A

the JND is relative to how strong the initial stimuli was

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19
Q

neuron

A

type of cell that receives and sends messages from the body to the brain and back to the body

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20
Q

dendrite

A

receive messages from other cells

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21
Q

glial cells

A

supports the neuron

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22
Q

myelin sheath

A

covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses

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23
Q

action potential

A

a rapid sequence of changes in the voltage across a membrane

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24
Q

refractory period

A

period of time during with an organ or cell is incapable of repeating a particular function/action

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25
Q

synapse

A

little gaps between ones neurons axon terminal and another neuron’s dendrite at the receptor site

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26
Q

neurotransmitter

A

a chemical messenger that is released

27
Q

central nervous system

A

the brain and spinal chord

28
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

involuntary movement of skeletal muscles

29
Q

sympathetic divison

A

fight or flight

30
Q

hindbrain

A

essential function

31
Q

forebrain

A

sensory info

32
Q

medulla

A

controls heart rate and breathing

33
Q

cerebellum

A

voluntary movements and balance

34
Q

spinal chord

A

pathway for neural fibers, controls simple reflexes

35
Q

reticular formation

A

network that filters info from the body to the thalamus

36
Q

limbic system

A

part of the forebrain

37
Q

amygdala

A

controls aggression and fear

38
Q

hypothalamus

A

helps maintain homeostasis, linked to emotion and reward

39
Q

hippocampus

A

memory

40
Q

corpus callosum

A

connects two cerebral hemispheres

41
Q

cerebrum

A

divided into two hemispheres, control speech, thoughts, emotions, etc

42
Q

cerebral cortex

A

control and information processing center

43
Q

frontal lobe

A

speaking, muscle movements, making plans and judgements

44
Q

parietal lobe

A

receives sensory input for touch and body position

45
Q

occipital lobes

A

receive information from the visual fields

46
Q

temporal lobe

A

auditory areas, each receives information primarily from other ear

47
Q

motor cortex

A

in the frontal lobe, motor output, opposite side control

48
Q

somatosensory cortex

A

in the parietal lobe, sensory input, opposite side receiving

49
Q

association areas

A

all of the rest of the cerebral cortex

50
Q

chromosome

A

structure found inside a cell that makes up DNA

51
Q

twin studies

A

used to study genes vs environment

51
Q

monozygotic

A

identical twins, genetically identical

52
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

focuses on what makes us similar to each other

53
Q

sensation

A

the actual stimuli that you receive from the environment

54
Q

perception

A

the way your brain interprets/processes the data

55
Q

top-down processing

A

perceiving things based on previous experience

56
Q

bottom-up processing

A

brain processes sensory information and uses clues to understand stimuli

57
Q

difference threshold

A

minimum difference that a person can detect between two stimuli

58
Q

subliminal stimulus

A

below absolute threshold

59
Q

sensory adaptation

A

diminished sensitivity due to constant stimulation

60
Q

perceptual set

A

mental predisposition to perceive something over another

61
Q

schema

A

organize and interpret unfamiliar information through experience

62
Q

context effects

A

influence of environment factors on one’s perception of stimulus

PSY-100 (1 decks)

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