Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IHUM 202 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Influence of humanism on Reformation thought

A

o catalyst to the Protestant Reformation and thoughts and ideas of Martin Luther
o humanist education that exposed Luther to the classics and the early church fathers that previously had been known by name only
o humanism and secularism led people to question the church
o “Learning improves and ennobles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

causes and effects of Luther’s reforms

A

o began the reformation, religious reform
o led founding of Christian churches that didn’t accept pope’s authority
o pope threatened to excommunicate
o emperor Charles summoned him to Worms
o German peasants revolted
o Princes started protesting (Protestant) which led to war against Charles V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Luthers experience at Diet of Worms

A

o Refused to recant positions
o Declared outlaw and heretic
o Powerful German princes protected him

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

other Protestant traditions

A
  • Anabaptism
  • Calvinism
  • Anglicanism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anabaptism

A

being baptized again, adult baptism even if baptism had been performed in infancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Calvinism

A

founded by John Calvin
 Strong moral code and believed in predestination, live as the elect
 God is omnipotent and omniscient
 Supported constitutional representative government and separate of church and state
 Institutio Christianae Religionis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Calvinism core beliefs (5)

A

o Total depravity – all people are depraved
o Unconditional election – God saves through mercy
o Limited atonement – only serves the elect
o Irresistible grace – saving grace among the elect
o Perseverance of the saints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anglicanism

A

o Protestant denomination of the Christian faith founded by Henry VIII and Elizabeth 1
o Clergy: bishop, priest, deacon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

artists of the Northern Renaissance (4)

A

Dürer
Grünewald
Bosch
Bruegel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the main points of Erasmus and Luther in their debate on free will

A

Erasmus: Free Will- agency
Luther: Bondage of the Will- predestination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Durer

A

more famous for his prints than his paintings in his day
 LINEAR PERSPECTIVE
 Artists studying human anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Grunewald

A

exposes northern use of realism, religion, symbolism, emotion
 Reintroduces medieval hierarchy of figures (more important figures are larger) combined with intense passion and drama. Rejects classical restraint in favor of dramatic, even violent images of contemplation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bosch

A

surrealist painter of the Netherlands who focused his works on symbolism, fantasy, confusion, death, torments of hell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bruegel

A

famous Flemish painter who depicted landscapes with the central focus on human peasant life
 Love of landscape and genre scenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Van Hemessen

A

Realistically rendered detail and sensitive, thoughtful expressions trained by her father, worked on some of his commissions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

characteristics of Northern Renaissance paintings and prints (9)

A

o specialty: intense realism
o style: lifelike features, unflattering
o subjects: religious and domestic scenes
o figures: prosperous citizens, peasants
o portraits: reveal individual personality
o technique: oil painting on wood panel
o emphasis: visible appearance
o basis of art: observation
o composition: complex, irregular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

indulgences

A

according to Roman Catholicism, removal or remission of the punishment that is due to purgatory for sins, the forgiving of sin upon repentance
 release sinner from penalty from priest, through good works or prayers along with payment of money

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Holy Roman Empire

A

multi-ethnic complex of territories in central Europe that developed during early Middle Ages and continues until dissolution in 1806 – imperial diet was legislative body of Holy Roman Empire and superior to emperor, included positions called prince-electors who elected the prospective emperor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

95 Theses

A

An academic proposition; a proposition to be debated and proved or disproved – challenged roman catholic doctrine of indulgences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Iconoclasm

A

Having to do with the destruction or removal of sacred religious images – denunciation of paintings, statues, other visuals as form of papist idolatry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Engraving

A

An image created by cutting into or corroding with acid the surface of a metal plate or wooden block, such that several prints of the image can be made by pressing paper or paper like materials against the plate or block – used for Adam and Eve by Durer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Altarpiece

A

a work of art, especially a painting on wood, set above and behind an alter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Triptych

A

art consisting of a painting or carving, especially altarpiece, on three panels, hinged together, Bosch used on Garden of Earthly Delights

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Linear perspective

A

parallel lines appear to converge with distance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

the turmoil in politics, succession, and religion surrounding Henry VIII

A

o his final break from the catholic church led to the development of ties between England and other countries of reformation, particularly Netherlands
o England secretly helped Netherlands vs Spanish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

the six wives of Henry VIII

A

Catherine of Aragon (divorced)
Anne Boleyn (beheaded)
Jane Seymour (died)
Anne of Cleves (divorced)
Catherine Howard (beheaded)
Catherine Parr (survived)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Catherine of Aragon

A

1st – mother of Mary 1. The divorce precipitated England’s break with Rome - DIVORCED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Anne Boleyn

A

2nd - mistress during reformation, gave birth to Elizabeth, future queen. Wanted to end marriage with Catherine to marry Anne – BEHEADED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Jane Seymour

A

3rd wife who gave birth to Edward VI, died during childbirth – DIED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Anne of Cleves

A

4th, unattractive – DIVORCED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Catherine Howard

A

5th executed for adultery, had no children BEHEADED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Catherine Parr

A

6th wife, had no children, outlived Henry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

successors to Henry VIII and the resulting shifts between Protestant and Catholic interests (Edward, Mary, Elizabeth)

A

Edward VI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

court portraits by Hans Holbein and Nicholas Hilliard

A

Anne of Cleves
ermine portrait of a queen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

the contrasting style of Spanish art in the works of El Greco

A

pulled together mystical and realistic color, venetian influence, distortion of figures is more mannerism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

unique instruments and musical compositions of the Northern Renaissance

A

o virginal – instruments
o musical compositions: motet, madrigals, anthems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

major Northern Renaissance composers and their works (5)

A

Praetorius
Dowland
Henry VIII
Tallis
Morley

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Praetorius

A

German composer, organist, music theorist
 Most versatile composers of age, particularly significant in development of musical forms based on protestant hymns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Dowland

A

most melancholy works, ayres, travelled all over, greatest virtuoso of his day on the lute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Tallis

A

famous for 40 part motet “spem in alium” written for 8 choirs of 5 singers each, each of 5 has unique part to sing, 40 singers have unique part, expressive and emotion combination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Morley

A

lighthearted tone and fast moving songs aim to please listeners and performers, popular because of printing

41
Q

theatres and dramatic performances in Tudor England

A

stage was large platform jutting out – pit or ground, allowed people of all classes to attend

42
Q

Shakespeare’s background, work, and legacy

A

Went to grammar school and quit to marry anne Hathaway, they had 3 children. Wrote sonnets when legal restrictions banned actors

43
Q

memento mori

A

object as warning or reminder of death, ex – skull

44
Q

motet

A

short piece of sacred choral music, typically polyphonic and unaccompanied

45
Q

madrigal

A

renaissance secular work originating in italy for voices, with or without instruments, set to short, lyric love poem, popular in England

46
Q

Oriana

A

book of English madrigals, complied and published in 1601 by Thomas Morley, first edition has 25 pieces by 23 composers, dedication to queen Elizabeth 1

47
Q

Lute

A

plucked string instrument that is a relative of the guitar

48
Q

Groundlings

A

spectator or reader of inferior taste, member of theater audience who traditionally stood in the pit below the stage, paid pennies

48
Q

Soliloquy

A

long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage

49
Q

the genesis and the objectives of the Counter Reformation in Italy

A

started by roman catholic church

50
Q

the characteristics and the objectives of Counter Reformation Baroque art and architecture

A

o placed extremes of human behavior and emotion front and center
 tried to analyze how and why their subjects felt
 writers used elaborate imagery

51
Q

the outcomes of the Council of Trent, influence of Jesuits

A

o outcome: council redefined catholic doctrines and reaffirmed those dogmas that Protestantism had challenged
 tried to eliminate the abuses by the clergy and to tighten discipline

52
Q

influence of the Jesuits

A

key instruments in the campaign to reestablish the authority of the church led their militia like charge with persuasion, il Gesu

53
Q

re-design and embellishment of St. Peter’s Basilica

A

o old basilica was deemed inadequate
o Julius II decided on complete reconstruction
o Pope Paul V – dismantle whatever remained, hired Carlo Maderno to design 27 popes had come and gone before it was done

54
Q

painters, sculptors, and architects of the Counter Reformation Baroque

A

Caravaggio
Gentileschi
Bernini
Gaulli
Borromini

55
Q

Caravaggio

A

Italian painter known for realistic depiction of religious subjects, novel use of light “controversial” in trouble with the law, use of tenebrism

56
Q

Gentileschi

A

accomplished female painter
 Elected to the Florentine academy of design, one of first female artists to paint historical and religious paintings

57
Q

Bernini

A

Italian sculptor and architect of Baroque period in Italy
 Most prolific sculptor of baroque era
 Baldacchino – bonze – columned canopy

58
Q

Gaulli

A

an Italian artist working in the high baroque and early Rococo periods, best known for grand illusionistic vault frescos in the church of the Gesu in Rome
 Work influenced by Gian Lorenzo Bernini

59
Q

Borromini

A

reclusive outsider, loner, “architects’ architect”
 Committed suicide at 68
 Introduced MOTION

60
Q

inquisition

A

church court set up to try people accused of heresy

61
Q

the papal index

A

list of books banned by the catholic church, the books contained ideas that went against the church’s ideas

62
Q

baldacchino

A

a canopy on columns, frequently built over an altar

63
Q

relic

A

object considered holy because it belonged to, or was touched by a saint or other holy person

64
Q

mysticism

A

form of religious belief and practice involving sudden insight and intense experiences of God

65
Q

Chiaroscuro

A

treatment of light and shade in a work of art, especially to give an illusion of depth

66
Q

Tenebrism

A

painting in the “shadowy manner” using violent contrasts of light and dark as in the work of Caravaggio

67
Q

Apocrypha

A

books of jewish scriptural writings that are not included in the canon of some bibles, including the current King James Bible

68
Q

painters for the aristocracy

A

Velázquez
Rubens
Poussin

69
Q

Velazquez

A

Spanish court painter and confidant of King Philip IV, harsh realism

70
Q

Rubens

A

Flemish artists, most sought after
 Emulated chiaroscuro
 Ran large workshop to keep pace with his commissions

71
Q

Poussin

A

most renowned French painter of 17th century
 Work was protest against excesses of Baroque
 Classical antiquity

72
Q

painters for the Dutch Republic

A

Rembrandt
Hals
Vermeer
Steen
Claesz
Ruisdale

73
Q

civil war, plague, and fire in England, and the rebuilding of St. Paul’s Cathedral (Wren)

A

o reconstructed by Christopher Wren
 redesign is midway of Italian Baroque (flowing) and French Baroque (strict classicism)

74
Q

Etching

A

process of cutting into a surface with the use of an acid product

75
Q

Classicism

A

deriving from the orderly qualities of ancient Greek and Roman culture; implies formality, objectivity, simplicity, and restraint

76
Q

Absolute monarch

A

king or queen who has unlimited power and seeks to control all aspects of society – Louis XIV

77
Q

Parliament

A

body of representatives that makes laws for a nation

78
Q

the development of opera as a major art form

A

demand for secular music grew and sacred music moved for a more universal appeal, born in Florence

79
Q

characteristics and compositional developments within Baroque music

A

o style of music between 1600-1750 characterized by the use of the harpsichord
 loaded with tension, drive (motor rhythm) activity, flairs for the dramatic

80
Q

composers of the Baroque Era

A

Monteverdi
Handel
Bach
Vivaldi

81
Q

discoveries and theories of major Baroque scientists and philosophers

A

Galileo
Descartes
Hobbes
Locke

82
Q

Galileo

A

proved Copernicus’ theory that the sun was the center of the solar system and developed modern experimental method

82
Q

Descartes

A

1596-1650: French Philosopher, discovered analytical geometry
 Saw algebra and geometry have a direct relationship
 Reduced everything to spiritual or physical

83
Q

Hobbes

A

English philosopher and political theorist best known for his book Leviathan – 1651 – in which he argues the only way to secure civil society is through universal submission to the absolute authority of a sovereign
 MATERIALISM – solved political not philosophical problems

84
Q

Locke

A

wrote two treatises of government.
 Said human nature lived free and had the natural rights of life, liberty, and property
 He said government was created in order to protect these rights and if the government failed to do so it was the duty of the people to rebel

85
Q

notable Baroque writers

A

Molière
Cervante
Donne
Bradstreet

86
Q

moliere

A

French actor/ playwright who produced comedies that made fun of French society

87
Q

Cervantes

A

Spanish writer best remembered for Don Quixote which satirizes chivalry and influenced the development of novel from (1547- 1616)

88
Q

Donne

A

earliest poet to write in metaphysical style had big influence on younger generation of poets
 Became Anglican preacher, later became Dean of Saint Paul’s
 Gave intellectual expression to EMOTIONAL experience

89
Q

Bradstreet

A

 First American poet and key figure in history of American literature
 Works shows struggle of her illness and New England colonial life

90
Q

Florentine Camerata

A

group of humanists, musicians, poets, and intellectuals in late renaissance Florence who gathered under patronage of count Giovanni de bardi to discuss and guide trends in the arts – result recitative formed

91
Q

Recitative

A

musically heightened speech, often in opera, oratorio, cantata to report dramatic action and advance the plot

92
Q

Aria

A

operatic solo – song sung by one person in an opera or oratorio

93
Q

Oratorio

A

large scale musical composition on a sacred subject
 Performed without action, scenery or costume, in a church

94
Q

Harpsichord

A

plucked keyboard instrument from the Baroque period of music forerunner of modern piano

95
Q

Concerto grosso

A

orchestral composition where musical material is passed from a small group of soloists to the full orchestra and back again

96
Q

Polyphony

A

music with two or more melodies blended together

97
Q

Fugue

A

musical piece where a single theme is passed from voice to voice or instrument to instrument repeating the principal theme in different pitches

98
Q

Counterpoint

A

the addition of one or more independent melodies above or below the main melody, playing more than one melody simultaneously, with both given equal value

99
Q

Picaresque novel

A

form of fiction having an engaging, roguish hero who is involved in a series of humorous or satirical experiences

IHUM 202 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions