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CHM 111 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Metric Units:
Mr King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk Many Nights (PLOP!)

A

Mega: 10^6
Kilo: 10^3
Hecta: 10^2
Deca: 10^1
Base: -
deci: 10^-1
centi: 10^-2
mili: 10^-3
micro: 10^-6
nano: 10^-9
pico: 10^-12

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2
Q
  • 5 mL= ___ teaspoon
  • 1 kg= ____ lbs.
  • 1 inch= ____ cm
A
  • 1 tsp
  • 2.2 lbs.
  • 2.54 cm
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3
Q

__________ ratio of the mass to the volume it occupies
equation?

A

density
d=m/v

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4
Q

until of density
- _____ (liquids and solids)
- _____ (gasses)

A
  • g/mL
  • g/L
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5
Q

___________: close to true value
___________: how close multiple measurements are

A

accuracy
precision

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6
Q

Elemental properties:
- elements close to each other in a _______ or ________ are similar

A

group; period

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7
Q

Where on the periodic table
- alkali metals
- alkaline earth metals
- halogens
- noble gasses

A
  • first column on left
  • second column on left
  • second column on right
  • first column on left
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8
Q

Name the Diatomic Elements

A

HOFBrINCl
H2
O2
F2
Br2
I2
N2
Cl2

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9
Q

Ions
- when electrons are removed from a neutral atom—> ___________ forms
- when electrons are added to a neutral atom–> __________ forms

A
  • cation (positive ion)
  • anion (negative ion)
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10
Q

________________: elements of the same type (same number of protons) containing different number of neutrons thus having a different mass number

A

isotopes

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11
Q

Symbolize Atomic Structure
_____= element
____= number of protons
____= mass number

A

X
Z
A

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12
Q

Different ways to write isotopes

A

12C; carbon-12; C-12

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13
Q

light = ___________ ___________
- ____________: distance between two corresponding points on a wave
-units: ______ or often ______
- ___________: measure of the number of wave cycles that move through point in space in 1 s
-units: _____ (___)which are the same as ______ ______ (____)

A

electromagnetic radiation
- wavelength
-meters (m); nanometers (nm)
- frequency
-hertz (Hz); inverse seconds (1/s)

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14
Q

wavelength and frequency are __________ proportional

A

inversely

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15
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum
Increasing wavelength order (smallest to largest)

A
  1. Gamma rays
  2. X-ray
  3. Ultra-violet
  4. Visible colors (purple, blue, green, yellow, orange, red)
  5. infrared
  6. microwave
  7. radiowaves
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16
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum
decreasing frequency (largest to shortest)
same as decreasing energy (largest to shortest)

A
  1. Gamma ray
  2. X-ray
  3. Ultra-violet
  4. Visible colors (purple, blue, green, yellow, orange, red)
  5. Infrared
  6. Microwave
  7. Radiowaves
17
Q

Visible light
- Which has the longest/shortest wavelength?

  • Which has the highest/lowest frequency?
A
  • red; purple/violet
  • purple/violet; red
18
Q

Atomic Spectra
- ______ spectrum of each element is _____–> it can be used to identify the element (e.g. element fingerprint)

A
  • line; unique
19
Q
  • Electron energy _______ as its distance from the nucleus increases
A

increases

20
Q

Atoms and/or ions that have the same number of electrons are said to be _________________

A

isoelectronic

21
Q

Predicting Bonding Types
- metal + non-mental= __________
- non-metal + non-metal= __________

A
  • ionic bond
  • covalent bond
22
Q

Ionic Compounds
- formed between a _____ and a ___________

  • positive ions (cations) are formed from the ________
  • negative ions (anions) are formed from the __________
  • cations and anions held close together through ________ _________
A
  • metal
  • non-metal
  • metals
  • non-metals
  • electrostatic interactions (different charges)
23
Q

Molecular Compounds
- formed between _________
- held together by _______ electrons

A
  • nonmetals
  • sharing
24
Q
  • Acids increase ____ concentration when dissolved in water
  • Bases increase ____ concentration when dissolved in water
A
  • H+
  • OH-
25
Q
  • metal + metal= _______ bond
  • metal + non-metal= ______ bond
  • non-metal + non-metal= ______ bond
A
  • metallic
  • ionic
  • covalent
26
Q

_________ is a form of matter than has a definite (constant) composition and distinct properties
- examples: water, ammonia, tale sugar

A

substance

27
Q

_________ is a combination of two or more substances in which substance retain their distinct identities

A

mixture

28
Q

__________ mixture is a mixture in which the composition of the mixture is the same throughout
examples: spoonful of sugar dissolves in water

A

homogenous

29
Q

_________ mixture is a mixture in which the composition is not uniform
- example: if sand is mixed with iron filling (sand grains and iron filling remain separate)

A

heterogenous

30
Q

__________ a substance that cannot be separated further into simple substances by chemical methods

A

element

31
Q

_________ is a substance composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions

A

compounds

CHM 111 (1 decks)

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