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Anatomy of Human Movement > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

anterior view of humerus

A

visible on the humerus: intertubercular sulcus/biceptal groove, condyle clear view, no diagonal crease, two indentations, not one big one.

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2
Q

capitulum and trochlea

A

the specific parts of the chondyle

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3
Q

unilateral

A

one limb

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4
Q

bilateral

A

both limbs

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5
Q

ipsilateral

A

one side of body affected

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6
Q

contralateral

A

opposite side

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7
Q

anatomical position

A

non-weight bearing, feet drooped, thumbs out

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8
Q

attention (fundamental position)

A

head forward, palms at sides, feet at 90 degrees

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9
Q

skin

A

largest organ of the body

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10
Q

21 ft2

A

what is the square foot of skin in the average adult?

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11
Q

7%

A

percentage of body weight the skin takes up

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12
Q

30,000-40,000

A

how many skin cells flake off every minute?

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13
Q

keeps bad stuff out; protects from heat/cold; utilizes/stores water, salt, fat, and blood; sensation info (pain, pressure, temp, etc); fights diseases, germs, and cancers; excretes waste; makes vitamins

A

skin’s 7 jobs

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14
Q

tzaaraath

A

term for lots of sweeping diseases of skin and clothes

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15
Q

leprosy

A

this disease is contagious, caused by bacteria, more likely to effect people with weak immune systems, treated with antibodies/anti-biotics

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16
Q

epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous fat

A

skin’s 3 main layers

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17
Q

1st degree- epidermis, 2nd degree-dermis, 3rd degree-fat, 4th degree-muscle

A

degrees of burns

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18
Q

free nerve ending

A

light sensitive touch

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19
Q

Pacinian nerve

A

deep, give pressure sensations

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20
Q

capillary actions

A

little blood vessels

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21
Q

sweat glands

A

excrete waste and cooling and excess mineral experse

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22
Q

sebacous glands

A

create wax material (makes hair oily)

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23
Q

arrector pilli

A

muscles on each hair

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24
Q

melanocytes, keratinocytes, langerhan cells

A

cells of epidermis

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25
Q

melanocyte

A

this skin cell has pigment which is melanin in the epidermis but in the new cell area - it is deep

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26
Q

freckles

A

patches of melanin

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27
Q

albinism

A

no melanin (different levels)

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28
Q

tanning

A

this activity stimulates melanocytes which causes more melanin

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29
Q

melanoma

A

skin cancer difficult to treat

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30
Q

keratinocytes

A

more than 85% of epidermal cells

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31
Q

keratinocytes

A

this skin cell produces a protein called keratin

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32
Q

keratin

A

a protein that protects skin from UVA, UVB, and waterproofs skin

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33
Q

keratinocytes

A

this skin cell is deep in the epidermis sometimes called basal cells, with new skin, these cells travel closer to the surface = squamous cells

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34
Q

skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (treatable)

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35
Q

langerhan cells

A

this skin cell is technically part of the immune system, they fight foreign invaders and cancerous cells of the skin, made in bones, travel to skin’s epidermal layers

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36
Q

70

A

how many instances of hermatidrosis are recorded in history?

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37
Q

temp regulating, excretion of body waste, fights some bacteria growth, nerve response (emotional, psychological)

A

some reasons why we sweat!

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38
Q

sebaceous glands

A

gland that produces oil called “sebum”

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39
Q

sudoriferous glands

A

this type of gland includes eccrine glands (exercise sweat) and apocrine glands (sexual sweat)

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40
Q

ceruminous glands

A

glands that produce ear wax

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41
Q

lactiferous glands

A

glands that produces the mother’s milk

42
Q

ecrine glands (merocrine)

A

gland that is the most abundant form on body, active before birth, produces mostly water with tiny amounts of salt

43
Q

apocrine glands

A

gland that starts working at puberty, connected to secondary hair (pubic, axillary, etc), produces water, salt, fats, and proteins

44
Q

interstitial fluid

A

this fluid “bathes” cells, contains water, salts, chlorides and flows up ducts

45
Q

chaffing

A

a very common problem caused by repetitive rubbing, intense friction, lots of sweat

46
Q

skin tissue

A

this tissue is made up of epithelial and connective tissue

47
Q

connective tissue

A

this tissue is made up of loose (areolar) and adipose (cellular) tissue

48
Q

loose connective tissue (areolar)

A

this tissue is between sheets of epithelial and other pieces in the body

49
Q

adipose connective tissue (cellular)

A

this tissue is technically fat cells

50
Q

fibers and cells

A

the two main structures of the connective tissue

51
Q

elastins, collogens, reticulins, fibrous

A

examples of fiberous tissue in the body

51
Q

fibroblasts, adipocytes, langerhans, macrophages

A

examples of cellular tissue in the body

52
Q

epithelial, elastins, and collogens

A

the epidermis is made of mostly ______ tissue, which includes _____ and _____

53
Q

adipose (cellular), fibroblasts (amebas), adipocytes (globs)

A

the subcutaneous layer is made of mostly ______ tissue, which includes _____ and _____

54
Q

loose connective tissue (areolar), reiculars, fibrous

A

the dermis is made of mostly ______ tissue, which includes _____ and _____

55
Q

keratinocytes

A

85% of skin cells - epidermal cells

56
Q

melanocytes

A

10% of skin cells - skin pigment

57
Q

langerhan cells

A

signal lymph response to send help to fight germs, etc.

58
Q

cellulite causes

A

weakened dermis connective tissue while some remain strong; thin/dehydrated epidermis “epithelial”; increased estrogen which causes fat storage; increased fat in that area-genetic or diet; poor metabolism of fat and water; lifestyle

59
Q

cellulite solutions

A

ultrasound zapping, electricity, mash/smash/press/shifting it, blast/stave/flood it- with supplements, diet, juicing, detox it, exercise it to death, rub topical treatments, scrape underneath it, suck it out from underneath, lazer beam, freeze it

60
Q

gas exchanges, maintain pH balance of blood, protect from invaders, filters blood by expelling blood clots, fat clots, etc, talking

A

functions of the lungs

61
Q

too much CO2

A

high pH in blood

62
Q

nasopharynx

A

this region protects respiratory system from invaders through moisture (mucus, spit, etc), the nose and mouth traps a lot, hairs in nose, nerve response of sneezing and coughing, etc.

63
Q

trachobronchial

A

this region protects respiratory system from invaders through the windpipe and major tubes (trachea and bronchioles) with cilia, catch and move it back up (coughed/swallowed)

64
Q

pulmonary

A

this region protects the respiratory system from invaders through air sacks (no cilia) but macrophages, immune fighters that engulf invaders and break them into little pieces. The macrophages then carry the invader to the cilia. Cilia carries it the rest of the way.

65
Q

upper

A

nasopharynx (naso, oro, hypo) are a part of the ______ respiratory.

66
Q

lower

A

tracheobronchial and pulmonary are a part of the ____ respiratory.

67
Q

breathing

A

______ is result of dimensional changes of the thorax (thoracic subregion)

68
Q

diaphragm muscle

A

this muscle causes length in lungs

69
Q

intercostal muscles exterior

A

these muscles causes width in lungs

70
Q

intercostals and pectoralis minor

A

these muscles causes depth in lungs

71
Q

greater

A

when the diaphragm relaxes, there is ____ pressure. (smaller space)

72
Q

smaller

A

when the diaphragm relaxes, there is ____ space. (greater pressure)

73
Q

expiration

A

relaxation of inspiration muscles and contraction of the internals

74
Q

forceful expiration

A

_____ _____ would include relaxation of inspiration, contraction of internal intercostals and the ab

75
Q

lungs

A

what organ can survive out of the body the longest

76
Q

pneumothorax

A

collapsed lung

77
Q

tidal volume

A

normal quiet restful breathing, we average 1/2 liter in and other 1/2 out

78
Q

residual volume

A

there is air that remains no matter how hard you try to blow it out, like a safety backup system

79
Q

1 liter

A

a little more than ___ ____ is available in residual volume

80
Q

dead space

A

air that sits in trachea/bronchi area and doesn’t get exchanged

81
Q

inspiration and expiration reserve

A

space available to suck in and blow out more air if we need to, such as exercise, nervous, etc.

82
Q

medulla oblongata

A

controls lungs and tells breathing to stay rythmical

83
Q

amygdala

A

could change breathing

84
Q

receptors

A

breathing is controlled by _____

85
Q

hypothalamus

A

____ reads blood chemistry and signals the medulla to speed up /slow down breathing

86
Q

motor cortex

A

_____ _____ (in the brain) is for manual override of the automatic system (like holding your breath)

87
Q

abs, diaphragm control, intercostals, challenging aerobic tasks, deep breathing exercises

A

exercises for breathing

88
Q

lymphatic system

A

this system has two main purposes: to fight infections and to deliver nutrients

89
Q

tissues and organs

A

network of ____ and _____ to rid body of toxings, waste, etc.

90
Q

lymph, infection-fighting

A

the primary function of the lymphatic system: to transport ____ which contains ____-___ white blood cells

91
Q

circulatory and lymphatic

A

these two systems work together

92
Q

tonsils

A

catches stuff that comes by, filters bacteria/viruses entering mouth and nose

93
Q

spleen

A

largest of lymph organs, filters, and is a large storage tank of lymph (white blood cells and infection fighters)

94
Q

thymus

A

maker of infection fighters (t cells and b cells)

95
Q

adenoids

A

serve similar purpose to the thymus except are in the back of the nose (nasopharanx region)

96
Q

tonsils, spleen, thymus, adenoids

A

4 major lymph organs

97
Q

cells, proteins, nutrients, waste, germs

A

lymphatic system transports (6 things) around the body

98
Q

ducts

A

major vessels of the lymph system

99
Q

endocrine system

A

a system that includes hormones for messengers that travel in the lymph system

Anatomy of Human Movement (3 decks)

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