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Med Surg 1 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Punch Biopsy

A

Used for Squamous cells

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2
Q

Shave Biopsy

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

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3
Q

Skin Excision

A

Melanoma

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4
Q

Wood’s light examination

A

fungal or viral

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5
Q

Pruritus

A

sunburn

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6
Q

Urticaria

A

hives

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7
Q

Furuncles

A

boils. caused by staphylococcus,Treatment- do not squeeze, do not keep covered, make sure to clean area before putting antibiotic ointment.

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8
Q

Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

A

spread by contact, treated with vancomyicin

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9
Q

Herpes Simplex Virus

A

never goes away, Stress, dry lips, sunburn on lips, fatigue, trauma, girls on their periods, fever, seen on brides and nursing students

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10
Q

Fungal infections

A

keep body dry, clean, and give antifungal cream

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11
Q

Scabies

A

Treatment is scabicides, wash everything in hot water and detergent

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12
Q

Bed bugs

A

topical antihistamine for itching, get rid of bugs, heat can kill insects and eggs

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13
Q

Psoriasis

A

A chronic auto-immune disorder, noninfectious disease of the skin in which epidermal cells are produced at an abnormally rapid rate. Treatment; topical steroids UV light therapy

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14
Q

Rosacea

A

Condition that causes red patches and visible blood vessels on face. No cure

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15
Q

Stasis Ulcers

A

Causes- poor circulation, constant high pressure on veins. Risk factors- age, obesity, varicose veins, cigarette smoking. Lose weight, use compression socks, dont smoke

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16
Q

Peripheral vascular disease

A

Bad blood circulation. Pain will go away with rest, check neuro, capillary refills, at risk for pressure ulcers

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17
Q

Skin cancer

A

Risk factors- pale skin, overexposure of sun. Noses and ears are most common

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18
Q

patient teaching for skin cancer

A

Teach patients- if they are out in sun they need to wear sunblock, reapply sunblock every 2 hours, apply 30 mins before going into water and reapply after getting out of water, stay out of the sun between 10am-2pm. Use light clothing to cover your skin, wear hats, use sunglasses (you can get cancer in your eyes from the sun), do not use tanning beds.

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19
Q

reapply sunblock

A

every 2 hours, and 30 mins before going into water and reapply after getting out.

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20
Q

Stay out of the sun during

A

10am-2pm

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21
Q

Wounds

A

take pics, chart the location, length, width, depth, color, exudate, type of tissue involved, surrounding tissue, presence of foreign body

22
Q

Stage 1 pressure ulcer

A

Do not scratch or moisturize. Do not rub on skin
can send home on stage 1.
nonblanchable and skin is intact

23
Q

Stage 2 pressure ulcer

A

Skin not intact, partial thickness, crack in the skin, may look like a small blister

24
Q

Stage 3 Pressure ulcers

A

full skin loss, Subcutaneous tissue may be damaged or necrotic, Damage extends to underlying fascia. Does not expose muscle or bone

25
Q

Stage 4 pressure ulcers

A

Full thickness skin loss, Can see tendons, bones, muscles, Sloughing (dead tissue), scabbing (eschar), purulent drainage

26
Q

Unstageable pressure ulcers

A

Have an eschar (scab over it)

27
Q

Suspected deep tissue injury

A

No tears, no rips in skin, but have bruising (dark bruising) will be seen in traumas

28
Q

Non surgical wound treatment for pressure ulcers

A

Dressings, electrical stimulation, wound irrigation, drugs, hyperbaric chambers

29
Q

wound vacs cannot be used on patients

A

patients on blood thinners or if they have an anticoagulant problem)
Skin grafts

30
Q

Braden Scale

A

tells us the risk for pressure ulcers, higher the number the lower the risk, patient with 2-3 is high risk, 20 is no risk

31
Q

Factors affecting wound healing

A

Nutrition- high protein good carbs good fat
Tissue perfusion (do they have good circulation
Infection (are there any other infections)
Age (younger people heal faster, older takes longer)
Psychosocial (impact of the wound, diabetic patients not following doctors orders)

32
Q

Phases of wound healing

A

Hemostasis (fibrin) sends fibrogen to that area to clot
Inflammatory phase when white blood cells go to the area
Proliferation phase- fills up with tissues
Remodeling- collagen goes to area to repair skin,etc

33
Q

Primary intention

A

can be sutured up. An incision the physician makes during surgery

34
Q

Secondary intention

A

burn, laceration, will scar

35
Q

Tertiary intention

A

delayed wound closure, may need wound vacs

36
Q

Cellulitis

A

Strep or staph involved deeper connective tissue, non compliant diabetics, Infection elsewhere in body that has moved to another portion.

37
Q

Isotonic exercises

A

exercises that have muscle shortening with active movement (ex. Bicep curls, squats, climbing up the steps, etc)

38
Q

Isometric exercises

A

muscle contractions without shortening ( there is no movement or only a minimum shortening of the muscle fibers) (ex. planks)

39
Q

Isokinetic

A

Muscle contractions with resistance provided by an external device (working on a machine)

40
Q

Mobility

A

ability to move about freely

41
Q

Immobility

A

inability to move about freely

42
Q

Bed Rest

A

an intervention that restricts patients for therapeutic reasons

43
Q

Metabolic changes

A

decrease in amount of nutrition intake, this decrease causes a decrease in the necessary amount for our body, calcium decreases and our body doesn’t get enough

44
Q

Respiratory Changes

A

Immobility causes an increase of a chance of pneumonia (we can use an incentives spirometer to decrease the chance of pneumonia) ( can teach them to deep breath, cough, and turn in bed. This helps relieve the particles in or lung)

45
Q

Cardiovascular

A

blood vessels constrict, patient may develop orthostatic hypotension, we may dangle patients at the bedside for 15 mins, increased cardiac workou

46
Q

Musculoskeletal

A

Muscle atrophy develops with decreased use of the musculoskeletal system. To determine if they have even muscle mass on both sides we will do exercises bilaterally. Skeletal changes- disuse osteoporosis, joint contracture. Passive range of motion- someone else moving the body part, active motion- patient moving the body part themselves. Always tent up the blankets on the feet to prevent foot drop.

47
Q

Urinary elimination changes

A

urinary stasis ( gravity pulls your urine down when standing up, when laying down your bladder stays in one spot can cause utis, kidney infections, stones, etc.) offer bedpan every 2 hours, insert an indwelling catheter (48 hours is the max a catheter can stay in. If it stays in longer it can cause infections which can lead to sepsis, and death). Leading sign of elderly uti is confusion. You can bladder scan patients and straight cath.

48
Q

Integumentary changes

A

too much pressure in one spot will cause a pressure ulcer. Turn the patient every 2 hours, increase fluid intake, good protein and carb diet, if incontinent check beds, keep clean, use purewick. Pad bony prominences (the coccyx, elbows, knees, knuckles, etc.)

49
Q

Psychosocial

A

What has happened to the patient’s mental health. Many patients become depressed, do not get enough sleep. Patients may become hostile, giddy, fearful, anxious, etc. It is important to know how someone copes.

50
Q

GI system

A

Constipation- increase fluids, increase movement as much as possible, increase fiber.

51
Q
A

Med Surg 1 (1 decks)

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