Exam 1 Flashcards

Question

What are risk factors for drug resistant infections?

Answer 1

compromised immune system (cancer, organ transplant) recent surgery invasive devices prolonged antibiotic use (especially vancomycin) prolonged hospitalization or long-term care centers

Answer 2

Ear: cerumen inhibits bacterial growth Mouth cavity: mucous membrane traps microorganism and the mouth is cleaned with saliva Trachea and bronchi: mucous layer traps microorganism stomach: acidic juices kill microorganism vagina: acidic secretions inhibit growth of pathogen eyes:cleansed by tears which also contain chemical inhibiting bacterial growth nasal cavity: hairs and mucus trap microorganism Skin: an impervious barrier Urethra: urine flow prevents bacterial growth Anus: mucous membrane traps microoganisms

Answer 3

redness heat swelling pain loss of function

Answer 4

fever chills, diaphoresis increased pulse/respiratory rate malaise fatigue anorexia nausea + vomiting abdominal cramps/diarrhea enlarged lymph nodes

Answer 5

Neutropenic precautions for severely immunocompromised people (AIDS, burns, organ transplant, chemotherapy) No live vaccine avoid invasive procedures check WBC + temp healthy caregiver/visitors (no infectious diseas) private room positive airflow HEPA filtration no plant/flowers keep door closed mask for pt when out of room no raw/undercooked fruits/veggie avoid sick people disinfect equipment between pt frequent handwashing + gloves

Answer 6

gown and gloves disposable or dedicated pt care equipment limit transport ad movement of pt ensure appropriate pt placement, private room protect visitors/caregiver when within 3 feet against direct contact or enviromental contact Pathogen: ABCDEF (abscess, bronchiolitis, cutaneous- herpes, lice, varicella, decubitus ulcer, diarrhea, eyes- conjunctivits, funky/feisty-MRSA and VRE Special Contact Precautions: C. Diff (hand sanitzer doesnt kill spores)

Answer 7

wearing of surgical mask, eye protection, proper hand hyigiene, and some dedicated care equipment limit transport and movement of pt (wear mask and respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette private room or cohort source control: pt wears mask droplets travel 3-6 feet from client (keep visitors 3ft from infected person) Pathogens: rubella, mumps, diptheria, adenovirus

Answer 8

specially equipped room with private negative air flow keep door closed all heath care personnel wear an N95 respirator/PAPR every time they enter room is splashing/spraying is possible wear full face protection immunize susceptible people as soon as possible restrict susceptible healthcare personnel limit transport and movement of pt masks and respiratory protection devices for caregiver/visitors source control: put surgical mask on pt when leaving room Pathogen: MTV; measles (rubeola), TB, Varicella (chickenpox)

Answer 9

handwashing, use of gloves, PPE, use of gown, safe handling of sharps + waste + soiled linens enviromental cleaning

Answer 10

Medical: clean technique (IM injection) Key step: hand hygiene, gloves, disinfection most nursing activites are medical asepsis Surgical: sterile technique (ex. operating room, foley catheter insertion) key step: sterilization, sterile gloves, instruments special technique to prevent contamination

Answer 11

avoiding use of electronic equipment that is difficult to clean disinfecting dedicated pt care items and equipment (stethoscopes) between pt using full barrier contact precautions (gown +gloves) placing pts in private room; cohort pt with same stain of CDI performing meticulous hand hygiene (hand sanitzer does not kill spores) performing enviromental contamination of rooms educating heath care providers (pts +families) on clinical presentation, transmission, epidemiology of CDI using antimicrobials at appropriate dose and only when indicated

Answer 12

(putting on) 1: gown 2: mask/respirator 3: googles/ face shield 4: gloves

Answer 13

Example 1: gloves, goggles, gown, mask Example 2: gown/gloves, goggles, mask/respirator

Answer 14

Good: sterile object remains sterile only when touched by another sterile object open sterile package away from you. outside of package is considered contaminated only sterile objects may be placed on sterile field sterile object or field out of range of vision or an object held below a person waist is contaminated sterile object or field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to air sterile surface comes in contact with wet, contaminated surface, sterile object/field becomes contaminated by capillary action avoid talking, coughing, sneezing or reaching over sterile field edge of sterile field or container are considered contamined (1 inch border) keep all items sterile if: in contact with broken skin, used to penetrate the skin to inject or enter normally sterile body cavities

Answer 15

Incubation Period: exposure to infection Prodromal stage: can spread infection; before symptoms fully begin Illness stage: signs + symptoms are fully showing Convalescent period: symptoms resolve and people start feeling better

Answer 16

status of defense mechanisms client susceptibility age nutritional status stress disease process medical therapy immunizations clinical appearance (s/s of infection-local/systemic) vital signs Lab data

Answer 17

risk of infection imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirement impaired oral mucous membrane risk for impaired skin integrity social isolation impaired tissue integrity readiness for enhanced immunization status

Answer 18

effective hand hygiene + good personal hygiene practices identify signs of an infection maintain adequate fluid + nutritional status demonstrate proper disposal of soiled articles use appropriate cleansing and disinfecting techniques awareness of the necessity of proper immunizations stress reduction technique adhere to infection control precautions understanding of health risks associated with latex allergy

Answer 19

health promotion (nutrition, hygiene, immunization, rest) protection of susceptible host control/elimination of infectious agents control/elimination of ----> reservoirs -----> portals of entry ------> modes of transmission medical and surgical asepsis (clean vs sterile technique) hand hygiene (HCP, patient, family) ---five moment for hand hyigene) oral hygiene meticulous standard precautions

Answer 20

use needles safely (advocate if you dont know how) handle patients with care administer drugs carefully prevent repetitive motion injuries use ergonomic principles when providing care report, intervene, and/or escalate unsafe practices of health care personnel (eg. substance abuse, improper

Answer 21

developmental consideration workplace culture lifestyle (occupation, social behavior) social behavior environment impaired mobility sensory, cognitive or communication impairment knowledge or lack of safety awareness physical and psychosocial health state economic resources

Answer 22

looking at... the person the environment (hospital, workplace, home) specific risk factors (ex. fall risk)

Answer 23

Pain: assess pt pain level; provide pain medication if needed Personal Needs: offer help using toilet; offer hydration, nutrition, empty commodes/urinals Position: help the pt get into comfortable position or turn immobile pts to maintain skin integrity Placement: make sure pt essential needs (call light, phone, reading materials, toileting equipment, etc) within reach prevent falls: ask patient/family to put on call light if pt needs to get out of bed

Answer 24

must be completed after an accident or incident in health care facility that compromise safety completed by nurse immediately after incident is NOT PART OF MEDICAL RECORD and should not be mentioned in documentation

Answer 25

R: rescue anyone in immediate danger A: activate alarm and notify appropriate person C: contain/confine the fire by closing door and window E: extinguish

Answer 26

P: pull A: aim S: squeeze S: sweep

Answer 27

A: alert, pay attention to changing sounds ( first notification of danger) L: lockdown: fortify/barricade your area I: inform others: call 911 or hospitals emergency number C: counter: make noise, throw things to cause distraction E: evacuate: remove yourself from danger

Answer 28

stay with patient; call for help protect your airway suction PRN; in case of aspiration turn your pt to the side to reduce the risk of choking provide suppmental oxygen do not place objects in the mouth remove hazardous items ------> padded bed frame in case of uncontrollable body movement do not restain, monitor closely administer drug therapy to control seizure assess after seizure, and document

Answer 29

avoid behaviors that might harm fetus (alcohol, smoking, drugs) never leave infant unattended use crib rails monitor setting for objects that are choking hazard use car seats properly handle infant securely while supporting head place infant on back to sleep

Answer 30

supervise child closely to prevent injury select toys appropriate for developmental level use appropriate safety equipment in home never leave child alone in bathtub childproof home envronment; prevent poisoning be alert to manifestations of child maltreatment or abuse--- physical, sexual, emotional neglect ( YOU are a mandated reporter) use car seats properly teach about fire safety/practice emergeny evacution measures

Answer 31

help avoid activties that are potentially dangerous provide interventions for safety at home, school, neighborhood reinforce teaching about symptoms that require immediate attention continue immunizations as scheduled teach bicycle safety teach about child abduction wear seatbelts

Answer 32

teach safe driving skills and avoiding distracted driving teach avoidance of tobacco + alcohol emphasize gun safety follow healthy lifestyle teach about sexuality, STI, birth control get physical exam before participating in sport teach risk of infection with body piercing and tattoo teach about guns + violence discuss dangers associated with internet

Answer 33

remind them of effects of stress on lifestyle and health enroll in defensive driving course counsel about unsafe health habits (reliance on drugs and alcohol) evaluate workplace for safety counsel about domestic violence

Answer 34

identify safety hazards in environment modify the environment as necessary attend defensive driving course or courses designed for older drivers encourage regular vision and hearing test ensure hearing aid and eyeglasses are available and functioning have operational smoke detectors in place document and report signs of neglect and abuse

Answer 35

safety plan while living with an abusive partner (remove weapons, have a phone + keys, signal, have safety plan) safety plan with children plan for pets planning during pregnancy (increased risk) leaving relationship (important documents)

Answer 36

S: speak up if you have questions/concerns P: pay attention to the care you get E: educate yourself about illness A: Ask a trusted family member or friend to be advocate K: know what medications you take and why you take them U: use a hospital, clinic, surgery center that has been carefully checked out P: participate in all decisions about treatment

Answer 37

procedure- related accident equipment- related accident chemical exposure falls restraints workplace safety electrical hazards fires seizures disasters workplace violence + discrimination

Answer 38

age acute/ chronic conditions surgeries/procedures visual, hearing, sensory/perceptual medications assess for history of falls/accidents allergies (food, latex, enviromental allergies) note assistive devices (ex. cane, walkers) be alert to history of drug or alcohol abuse obtain knowledge of family support system and home enviroments

Answer 39

falls fires poisoning suffocation and aspiration/choking firearm injuries motor vehicle injury burns drownings social media play injuries passive smoking carbon monoxide food poisoning

Answer 40

assess mobility status assess ability to communicate assess level of awareness or orientation assess sensory perception identify potential safety hazards recognize manifestations of domestic violence or neglect