Exam 1 Flashcards
Vocabulary
Schema
cognitive structure that helps process, identify, organize, and store information
Assimilation
Cognitive process where new stimulus is fitted into an existing schema
Accommodation
new schema doesn’t fit into old schemas
Equilibrium
cognitive process to maintain balance between new and old schemas
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
A way to organize new information
Infant’s communication
Cry
Gaze
Social Smile
Vocal behavior
Dietic
gain/ maintain interaction
First to emerge in preverbal gesture skills
How many gestures at 16 months
16 gestures
2 gestures per month after 8 months
Preverbal skills
gestures
imitation
vocalizations
following simple directions
appropriate play
joint/ task attention
turn taking
responds/ initiates interactions
What are we looking for with infant facial expressions?
requests for objects and actions
Structuralism
Mechanisms underlying observable data
Functionalism
predictive/ situational variables/ relationships between environments
nativism/ empiricism
emphasis on the child/ environment in the process of language acquisition
Theories of Language Development - Behavioral
focus on observable/ measurable aspects without denying existence of internal mechanisms.
Theories of Language Development - Linguistic
Language has structure/ grammar/ order
favors competence over performance
Chomsky Linguistic Theory
Believed we were born with a language center
Piaget’s Cognitive approach Theory
emphasized internal structures as the ultimate determinant of behavior; structures emerge as interactions occur
Theory of Language Development - Social Interactionist
Nonlinguistic aspects of interaction influence the mastery of language
Nativist Theories
Language structure
Rules exist across languages
constructional theories
Language use
Language universals do NOT exist; meet social needs
Behaviors influence child directed speech
Roger Brown 1973 Language definition
true language is marked by productivity, has semanticity, and offers the possibility of displacement
Broca’s area
language production
Ex. comprehension but difficulty pronouncing/ producing words, uses small words
Wernicke’s area
Language comprehension
Ex. jargon-like words w/ fluent speech
Arcuate Fasciculus
Band of subcortical fibers connecting Wernicke and Broca areas
Conduction Aphasia
damage to the arcuate fasciculus causing an inability to repeat word production
Language areas of the brian
regions of the temporal lobe
corpus callosum
inferior parietal lobe
cerebellum
Types of communication
oral
written
digital
visual
nonverbal
gestures
Most communication is through…
body language
Language
socially shared code where ideas about the world are expressed through a conventional system of arbitrary signals and rules governed combinations of the symbols for communicaiton
speech
verbal output, sounds, communicating/ conveying meaning
referent
concept as you see/ experience it
Ex. Ocean
Concept
includes past experiences; common elements
Ex. cool breeze, sound of waves, beach, sailboat, umbrellas, etc.
What is the biggest way to show/ increase word knowledge
Vocabulary
True/ false
Receptive language is a weakness in comparison to expressive language
False
Receptive language is a STRENGTH in comparison to expressive language
Phonology
study of speech sound
- 44 sounds
Morphology
Study of how to use meaningful units of language
Ex. She jumped, possession, description, ‘ing’, ‘ed’
Syntax
Sentence structure, grammar, conjunction, order
Ex. in the box
Semantics
Vocabulary
Ex. Antonyms, synonyms, idioms, word usage
Pragmatics
Rules of conversation
Ex. Relevant responses, turn taking
What type of Language doe autistic people have difficulties with?
pragmatics
What are the 3 components of language?
Content
Form
Use
