Exam 1 Flashcards
high to low movement of monomers; uses transport protein; no energy required
facilitated diffusion
equal amounts of solute molecules
isotonic
water- loving
hydrophilic
a difference in amount of molecules between two areas
concentration gradient
structure that identifies the cell
carbohydrate chain
having less solute molecules than cytoplasm of a cell
hypotonic
allows certain molecules to pass through; keeps some molecules out
selectively permeable
the amount of molecules in a specified area
concentration
use of vesicles to move polymers out of the cell
exocytosis
substance that is dissolved
solute
outward pressure on cells
turgor pressure
movement of molecules from low to high; uses transport protein; requires energy
active transport
high to low movement of water; through phospholipid bilayer; no energy required
osmosis
mixture of a substance that is dissolved in another
solution
movement of molecules from high to low; no energy required
diffusion
use of vesicles to move polymers into the cell
endocytosis
having more solute molecules than cytoplasm of a cell
hypertonic
structure that consists of 2 layers of lipids
phospholipid bilayer
fluid that dissolves a solid, liquid, or gas
solvent
water-fearing
hydrophobic
high to low movement of small, fat soluble, uncharged polar molecules; through phospholipid bilayer; no energy required
passive transport
substance that adds stability and flexibility to the cell membrane
cholesterol
structure that helps move molecules across the cell membrane
transport protein
Identify which structure this molecule would have to travel through: glucose
transport protein
Identify which structure this molecule would have to travel through: O2
phospholipid bilayer
Identify which structure this molecule would have to travel through: protein secretion
vesicle
Identify which structure this molecule would have to travel through: CO2
phospholipid bilayer
Identify which structure this molecule would have to travel through: Na+
transport protein
Identify which structure this molecule would have to travel through: amino acids
Transport protein
Identify which structure this molecule would have to travel through: Cl-
Transport protein
Identify which structure this molecule would have to travel through: Insulin
vesicle
Identify which structure this molecule would have to travel through: H2O
transport protein
Identify which structure this molecule would have to travel through: macromolecules
vesicle
Identify which structure this molecule would have to travel through: anesthetic gas
phospholipid bilayer
Identify which structure this molecule would have to travel through: Ca 2+
Transport protein
occurs from pure water towards a water/salt solution
osmosis
these are mainly the enzymes of the cell
functional proteins
provide the cytoskeleton of the cell or structure for where things go
structural proteins
after water this is the most abundant substance of most cells
proteins
transport substances in the opposite direction of a “driver” ion
antiporter
the amount of pressure required to counter osmosis
osmotic pressure
substances that are soluble in fat solvents
lipids
molecules are “pumped” against an electrochemical gradient at the expense of energy
primary active transport
transport is driven by the energy stored in the electrochemical gradient of another molecule
secondary active transport
rate of diffusion is limited by Vmax of carrier protein
facilitated diffusion
the lipid bilayer is a barrier to water and water-soluble substances
lipid bilayer
the theoretical intracellular electrical potential that would be equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the concentration force
Nernst potential
water channels in the membrane
aquaporins
Define physiology
Identify the functional unit of the body
Define homeostasis
Extra cellular fluid
intracellular fluid
negative feedback system
positive feedback system
Why is ECF considered to be homogenous throughout the body?
the Organ systems that contribute to maintain homeostasis are:
Define gain
Explain adaptive control
