exam 1 Flashcards
a way to gather information to make a sound decision or develop new knowledge
research
why do you conduct research?
to understand a certain phenomenon and/or develop new knowledge/to guide our behavior; make a sound decision
what are some common misconceptions about research
usually viewed as dull, theoretical, impractical
research in our daily lives involves
to stay current and being an informed profession, crucial
what kind of research deals with theoretical concepts/conducted to increase knowledge?
basic research
what kind of research is done with a specific question or application in mind?
applied research
What kind research is numerical data (survey)
quantitative
What kind of research is non-numerical data (interview)
qualitative
Where is it when it is conducted outside the tightly controlled environment of the laboratory?
field research
Where is it when the research is done under sterile conditions, which allows researchers to exert tighter controlled environment
laboratory research
What is it when there is a structured way of problem solving
scientific research
What are less scientific methods of decision making
tradition (superstition)
trial and error (random)
bias (with certain mindset)
what are the steps of the scientific method?
state the problem
state a testable hypothesis
plan the methods
results
conclusion
what is the reasoning that can be applied to identify scientific research question (from general to a specific case)
deductive reasoning
What is the reasoning that is making a conclusion or generalization on a limited number of observation?
inductive reasoning
what brings soundness or overall quality of research?
internal validity
what is the degree to which test measures what it is supposed to measure
validity of measurement
what deals with the potential application of the results of a study?
external validity
What is the one that is manipulated or controlled by the researcher
independent variable
what is the variable that the behavior is measured?
dependent variable
what are moral principles that govern a person’s behavior or the conducting of an activity
ethics
what is it when there is no regulation in experiments
unethical experiment
What is “voluntary consent of human subject is absolutely essential”
code of nurember
What is the “good clinical practices”
declaration of helsinki
what is the protection of human subjects
belmont report
what are the things that the institutional review board does?
1) protect the rights of subjects
2) research quality control (benefits/risk)
3) protection of the researchers/institution
what is one of the subject’s most important rights?
informed consent
what should be included in informed consent?
1) background and invitation to participation
2) explanation of procedures
3) potential risks and discomforts
4) potential benefits
5) rights of inquiry and withdraw
6)signatures of subject and witness
What is full understand of the study from the potential subject?
valid informed consent
what is the researcher’s role in ethical treatment?
directly oversee the process
employ safe, honest, process
what are some human subject research rights?
-information pertaining to invasion of privacy
-confidentiality should be guaranteed
-safe and competent treatment
-knowledge of results
