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Adolescent Development > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A rapid increase in physical growth and development occurring during puberty

A

Adolescent growth spurt

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2
Q

The maturation of the adrenal glands, contributing to the development of secondary sexual characteristics

A

Adrenarche

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3
Q

Male sex hormones, such as testosterone, responsible for the development of male reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics

A

Androgens

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4
Q

An eating disorder characterized by extreme weight loss due to self-imposed starvation

A

Anorexia Nervosa

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5
Q

The rate at which the body expends energy while at rest

A

Basal metabolism rate

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6
Q

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of consuming large amounts of food, often quickly and to the point of discomfort

A

Binge eating disorder

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7
Q

A measure of body fat based on height and weight

A

Body mass index (BMI)

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8
Q

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of overeating followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting or excessive exercise

A

Bulimia

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9
Q

A hormone associated with stress response and regulation of metabolism

A

Cortisol

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10
Q

A research method comparing different groups at the same point in time to understand age-related differences

A

Cross-sectional study

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11
Q

The tendency for adolescents to feel more energetic in the evening, leading to delayed sleep patterns

A

Delayed phase preference

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12
Q

Unhealthy eating attitudes and behaviors that may not meet the criteria for clinical eating disorders

A

Disordered eating

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13
Q

The system of glands that produce and release hormones regulating various bodily functions

A

Endocrine system

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14
Q

The closing of the ends of long bones, completing the growth process

A

Epiphysis

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15
Q

Female sex hormones responsible for the development of female reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics

A

Estrogens

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16
Q

A regulatory mechanism in the endocrine system where hormone levels signal the release or inhibition of further hormone production

A

Feedback loop

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17
Q

Organs that produce and release hormones into the bloodstream

A

Glands

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18
Q

Neurons that play a key role in the initiation of puberty by signaling the release of gonadotropins

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

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19
Q

Chemical messengers produced by glands that regulate various physiological processes in the body

A

Hormones

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20
Q

A region in the brain that regulates hormonal activities through the release of neurotransmitters

A

Hypothalamus

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21
Q

A brain chemical that stimulates the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormones, initiating puberty

A

Kisspeptin

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22
Q

A hormone influencing hunger and metabolism, signaling the brain about the body’s fat stores

A

Leptin

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23
Q

A research method tracking the same individuals over an extended period to observe changes over time

A

Longitudinal study

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24
Q

A hormone regulating sleep-wake cycles, influenced by exposure to light and darkness

A

Melatonin

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25
Q

The first occurrence of menstruation in females

A

Menarche

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26
Q

Female reproductive organs producing eggs and hormones

A

Ovaries

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27
Q

Chemical substances released by an individual to influence the behavior or physiology of others

A

Pheromones

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28
Q

A gland that produces and releases hormones, influencing other endocrine glands

A

Pituitary gland

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29
Q

The adaptability of the brain to change in response to experiences

A

Plasticity

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30
Q

Physical features that distinguish males and females but are not directly involved in reproduction

A

Secondary sex characteristics

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31
Q

The historical trend of earlier onset of puberty over the generations

A

Secular trend

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32
Q

The body’s natural tendency to maintain a stable internal environment

A

Set point

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33
Q

A scale measuring the development of secondary sex characteristics during puberty

A

Tanner stages

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34
Q

Male reproductive organs producing sperm and hormones

A

Testes

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35
Q

The transitional stage of physical and psychological development between childhood and adulthood

A

Adolescent

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36
Q

The adaptability or malleability of the adult brain to change in response to experiences and learning

A

Adult plasticity

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37
Q

Memory related to personally experienced events and information

A

Autobiographical memory

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38
Q

A theoretical perspective that analyzes decision-making processes, including the identification of alternatives, consequences evaluation, and the assessment of likelihood

A

Behavioral decision therapy

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39
Q

The operation and activities of the brain, including sensory processing, memory, and cognitive functions

A

Brain function

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40
Q

The physical arrangement and organization of different regions in the brain

A

Brain structure

41
Q

A perspective that emphasizes qualitative changes in cognitive abilities during development

A

Cognitive-developmental view

42
Q

Piaget’s stage of cognitive development where children can think logically about concrete events but have difficulty understanding abstract or hypothetical concepts

A

Concrete operations

43
Q

The adaptability or flexibility of the developing brain to experiences and environmental influences

A

Developmental plasticity

44
Q

An imaging technique that measures the diffusion of water molecules in the brain, providing information about the white matter tracts

A

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)

45
Q

The ability to focus on multiple stimuli or tasks simultaneously

A

Divided attention

46
Q

A neurotransmitter associated with reward reward and pleasure, influencing motivation and reinforcement

A

Dopamine

47
Q

Cognitive processes involved in goal-directed behavior, including planning, working memory, and response inhibition

A

Executive function

48
Q

Piaget’s stage of cognitive development characterized by abstract and systematic thinking

A

Formal operations

49
Q

The coordinated activity and communication between different brain regions

A

Functional connectivity

50
Q

And imaging technique that measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow

A

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

51
Q

An aspect of adolescent egocentrism where individuals believe that others are constantly observing and judging them

A

Imaginary audience

52
Q

A theoretical framework that examines how individuals acquire, store, and use information (IPP)

A

Information processing perspective

53
Q

A group of brain structures involved in emotions, motivation, and memory

A

Limbic system

54
Q

The storage of information for an extended period

A

Long-term memory

55
Q

The ability to understand and attribute mental states to oneself and others

A

Mentalizing

56
Q

Thinking about one’s own thinking processes and strategies

A

Metacognition

57
Q

The process of forming a myelin sheath around nerve fibers, enhancing signal transmission in the brain

A

Myelination

58
Q

Cells in the nervous system responsible for transmitting information

A

Neurons

59
Q

Chemical substances that transmit signals between neurons

A

Neurotransmitters

60
Q

A belief in adolescence that one’s experiences and feelings are unique and not experienced by others

A

Personal fable

61
Q

The adaptability and flexibility of the brain to change in response to experiences

A

Plasticity

62
Q

Engaging in activities that offer potential benefits and personal growth

A

Positive risk-taking

63
Q

The front part of the brain responsible for executive functions, decision-making, and social behavior

A

Prefrontal cortex

64
Q

Piaget’s stage of cognitive development characterized by egocentrism and lack of logical thinking

A

Preoperational period

65
Q

The tendency for individuals to recall more memories from adolescence and early adulthood

A

Reminiscence bump

66
Q

The ability to suppress inappropriate or impulsive responses

A

Response inhibition

67
Q

Support provided by others to facilitate learning and problem solving

A

Scaffolding

68
Q

Focusing on specific stimuli while ignoring others

A

Selective attention

69
Q

The desire for novel and stimulating experiences

A

Sensation seeking

70
Q

Piaget’s stage of cognitive development focused on sensory experiences and motor skills

A

Sensorimotor period

71
Q

A neurotransmitter associated with mood regulation and emotional well-being

A

Serotonin

72
Q

Cognitive processes related to understanding social interactions, relationships, and institutions

A

Social cognition

73
Q

Norms and rules governing social behavior

A

Social conventions

74
Q

The junction between two neurons where signals are transmitted

A

Synapse

75
Q

The elimination of unnecessary synapses, refining neural connections

A

Synaptic pruning

76
Q

The ability to understand that others have different beliefs, intentions, and knowledge

A

Theory of mind

77
Q

The temporary storage and manipulation of information needed for cognitive tasks

A

Working memory

78
Q

Vygotsky’s concept referring to the difference between what a learner can do independently and with guidance

A

Zone of proximal development

79
Q

The legal age at which individuals are recognized as adults and gain certain rights and responsibilities

A

Age of majority

80
Q

A significant increase in the birth rate, often referring to the post-World War 2 period when there was a substantial increase in birth rates

A

Baby boom

81
Q

A jewish initiation ceremony marking the age of 13 for boys and 12 for girls, symbolizing the assumption of religious responsibilities

A

Bar/Bat Mitzvah

82
Q

Advocates for protecting children from labor exploitation and hazardous working conditions, leading to the removal of adolescents from the labor force and increased emphasis on formal education

A

Child protectionists

83
Q

A group of individuals sharing a common characteristic or experience, often born in the same time period

A

Cohort

84
Q

The extent to which neighbors trust one another, share common values, and rely on each other to monitor youth activities

A

Collective efficacy

85
Q

Gradual and ongoing changes in status or roles, typical in more traditional societies where adolescents assume adult roles bit by bit

A

Continuous transitions

86
Q

The legal system responsible for maintaining social order and handling criminal offenses

A

Criminal justice system

87
Q

Abrupt changes in status or roles, characteristic of contemporary societies where adolescents are thrust into adulthood suddenly with little prior preparation

A

Discontinuous transitions

88
Q

A ritual or ceremony marking the transition from adolescence to adulthood, often involving symbolic or real separation from parents

A

Initiation ceremony

89
Q

Theorists who argue that adolescence is more of a social invention than a biological or cognitive phenomenon, emphasizing societal definitions and treatment

A

Inventionists

90
Q

A legal system designed to handle adolescents involved in criminal offenses, separate from the adult criminal justice system

A

Juvenile justice system

91
Q

A traditional Latin American celebration marking a girl’s 15th birthday, symbolizing her transition to womanhood

A

Quinceanera

92
Q

The intentional creation of scars on the body, often practiced in some initiation ceremonies to signify the transition to adulthood

A

Scarification

93
Q

The process of changing an individual’s social roles and status, particularly during adolescence

A

Social redefinition

94
Q

Behaviors considered offenses only because of an individual’s status as a minor, such as curfew violations or truancy

A

Status offense

95
Q

Sexual activity between an adult and minor, where the minor is considered unable to provide legal consent

A

Statutory rape

96
Q

An individual’s perception of their social standing or rank compared to others

A

Subjective social status

97
Q

A person between the ages of 13 and 19, experiencing adolescence

A

Teenager

98
Q

Generally referring to individuals between the ages of 12 and 24, though the term may vary in usage

A

Youth

Adolescent Development (1 decks)

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