Exam 1 Flashcards
What is the process of perception and sensation?
1.) Stimulus
2.) light is reflected and focused
3.) receptor process
4.) neural process
5.) perception <–> 6.) Recognition
7.) action (goes back to 1)
principle of transformation
objects in the environment change to our perception (the object isn’t in “us”) we transform the information
principle of representation
experiences represented by perception
what is an execpetion to the principle of transformation and representation?
smell and taste
transduction
energy transformed into brain signals
bottom-up processing
stimulus driven
top-down processing
using previous knowledge that shapes your perception
What is webers law about?
K value remains the same as stimulus intensity changes
absolute threshold
limits of human perception to measure
method of limits
start way above and bring it down slowly (High or lower)
typically yes or no
what is the cross over point in method of limits
change from saying yes to no
method of adjustment
participant controls (knob/dial)
fast
method of constant stimuli
random stimuli in random order
more accurate
comparison stimuli
Steven’s law
perception of stimuli
why do illusory cell phone vibrations occur?
our brain anticipates the vibration which lowers the threshold
what happens when an action potential reaches the end of an axon?
Calcium channels open and then release the NTs into the synapse that activates the next neuron
how are action potentials decided ?
more epsp than ipsp
photopic vision
high acuity
low sensitivity
color vision (6 million cones -red, blue green)
scooping vision
rod mediated (20 million rods)
Nighy vision
low acuity
high sensitivity
no color
The path of light entering the eye
Cornea —> pupil/iris —> lens/ciliary muscle —> sclera—> retina —> fovea—-> blind spot/optic nerve
Retina process with light going through
ganglion cells —> amacrine cells —> bipolar cells —> horizontal cells —> receptors (rods & cones) back of the eye
what area of the eye only has cones?
the fovea (used for focuse power)
distributed vs modular brain processes
distributed: lots of different brain areas are responsible
modular: one spot primarily responsible
Nervous system process
nervous system –> peripheral–> somatic (two options) afferent or efferent
afferent vs efferent
A: towards the brain (sensory)
E: exiting the brain (motor signals)
advantages of myelination
allows faster conductions
space-efficient
energy-efficient
No Na(+)/K(+) pump needed
two gated channels
voltage-gated (charge change)
ligand-gated (chemical - open by NTs)
