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Organic Chemistry II > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Styrene

A

benzene with a C=C attached

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2
Q

Toluene

A

benzene with methyl attached

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3
Q

Phenol

A

benzene with an alcohol attached

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4
Q

Aniline

A

benzene with NH2 attached

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4
Q

Anisole

A

benzene with OCH3 attached

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5
Q

Acetophenone

A

benzene with acetone attached

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6
Q

Benzaldenyde

A

benzene with an aldehyde attached

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7
Q

Benzoic acid

A

benzene with a carboxylic acid attached

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8
Q

Meta-xylene

A

benzene with 2 methyl groups attached with a carbon between them

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9
Q

Para-xylene

A

benzene with 2 methyl groups attached 180 degrees apart from each other

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10
Q

EWG

A

-Electron withdrawing group
-destabilizes carbocation and slows down EAS reaction

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11
Q

EDG

A

-Electron donating group
-Stabilizes carbocation and speeds up EAS reaction
-Usually has an oxygen or nitrogen with a filled electron shell
-The lower electronegativity, the more readily the atom is to give up its electrons

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12
Q

EDG or halogen as a substituent

A

ortho and para

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13
Q

EWG substituent

A

meta

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14
Q

Rate of Diels-Alder reactions

A

-Increases with increasing number of EWGs on dienophile
-In order for the reaction to proceed, the diene must be able to access the s-cis conformation

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15
Q

How to determine aromaticity

A
  1. molecule must be flat
  2. all atoms in the ring are sp2
    If neither are true then the molecule is nonaromatic
    If both are true then
  3. If the number of pi electrons is 4n then the molecule is antiaromatic
    If the number of pi electrons is 4n+2 then the molecule is aromatic
    If a frost cycle is made and orbitals are filled then the molecule is aromatic but if there are partially filled orbitals then it’s antiaromatic
    If the number of pi electrons divided by 2 is odd then it’s aromatic but if it’s even then it’s antiaromatic
16
Q

Bromination electrophile

A

Br+

17
Q

Nitration electrophile

A

NO2+

18
Q

Friedel-Craft Alkylation electrophile

A

R+

19
Q

Friedel-Craft Acylation electrophile

A

R-C+
||
O

20
Q

Sulfonation electrophile

A

HSO3+

21
Q

Bromination mechanism

A

draw

22
Q

Nitration mechanism

A

draw

23
Q

FC Alkylation mechanism

A

draw

24
Q

FC Acylation mechanism

A

draw

25
Q

Sulfonation mechanism

A

draw

26
Q

EAS Reaction mechanism

A

draw

27
Q

Para

A

substituents are 180 degrees apart

28
Q

Ortho

A

substituents are right next to each other

29
Q

Meta

A

substituents are attached with a space between them

30
Q

Kinetic products

A

-require less energy
-formed faster than thermodynamic product
-will be above thermodynamic product

31
Q

Thermodynamic products

A

-require more energy to make
-will be below kinetic product
-more stable than kinetic products

32
Q

Bromination catalysts

A

Br2 and FeBr3

33
Q

Nitration catalysts

A

HNO3 and H2SO4

34
Q

Sulfonation catalysts

A

SO3 and H2SO4

35
Q

FC Acylation catalysts

A

carbon with an attached chlorine R group, and double bonded oxygen and AlCl3

36
Q

FC Alkylation catalysts

A

sp2 or sp3 alkyl halide and AlCl3

Organic Chemistry II (2 decks)

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