Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anthropology Exam 1 > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

the unknown function or identity of something is inferred from a known case

A

analogy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the same behaviors and processes we observe in one setting may well have happened somewhere else

A

uniformitarianism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

portable objects used, made, or altered by humans

A

artifacts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

when analogy is based in part or whole on artifact shape or appearance

A

formal analogy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

non-portable objects, deposits, constructions made by humans (buildings, storage pits, rock art)

A

features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

interpreting function/use of something using observations or known examples from presumed descendent communities

A

direct historical analogy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

spatial clusters of artifacts and features

A

sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

opposite from formal analogies. Instead of drawing conclusions, one must prove the relationship

A

structural / relational analogy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

structures ‘scientific’ description of any aspects of a people or culture

A

ethnography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

written accounts including observations of a people or culture by travelers, traders, missionaries, soldiers

A

ethnohistory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

controlled replication of artifacts or activities

A

experimental archaeology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what material remains are found, where, in what condition, and its associations

A

context

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is something found with or near? What stuff is near the stuff?

A

association

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the assumption that the archaeological patterns you find are a perfect frozen-in-time reflection of the past

A

The Pompeii Premise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

layered cultural or natural deposits

A

stratigraphy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

things on the top are newer than things on the bottom

A

Law of superposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

building, digging, looting

A

cultural transforms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

earthquake damage, natural soil deposition

A

natural transforms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

all the processes that affect artifacts, features, and sites over time

A

taphonomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the Earth has been shaped by sudden, often unpredicted, events that are short-lived but impactful

A

catastrophism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the study of old and rare objects and their history

A

antiquarianism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Thomsen (1819) proposed the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Ages of human history

A

Three Age System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

all societies pass through the same stages of cultural development (Savagery, Barbarism, Civilization)

A

unilineal evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

a from of archaeological dating by arranging objects from earliest to latest

A

seriation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

determining if something came before or after an object

A

relative dating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

described ancient history in terms of major transitions and reorganizations (The Neolithic and Urban Revolutions)

A

V. Gordon Childe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

there is no universal standard or trajectory for human societies

A

cultural relativism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

each culture is the product of its own circumstances

A

historical particularism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

human culture is an adaptation to the environment

A

cultural ecology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

interactions between humans and environments over time shape and reshape both

A

historical ecology

31
Q

calculating the age of an archaeological object or site based on physical/chemical properties

A

absolute dating

32
Q

-half life rate of decay is 5730 years
-can measure age up to 60,000 years

A

Radiocarbon (14C) dating

33
Q

the past shows us universal patterns of human behavior

A

processual archaeology

34
Q

-archaeology of the material culture of early humans
-origins of our technologies, culture, symbolism, strategies

A

paleolithic archaeology

35
Q

lowkey looks more like an ape

A

Paranthropus boisei

36
Q

less of an ape
-larger brain case
-more human-like

A

homo habilis

37
Q

any stone that has been worked by humans

A

Lithics

38
Q

233,000 years old
-oldest known homo sapiens

A

Omo Kibish

39
Q

the usually false idea that major human innovations arose only once and spread from a single origin

A

hyper-diffusionism

40
Q

people of the Americas in the Late Pleistocene

A

Paleoindians

41
Q

study of household-level activities, spatial organization, family and gender organization, domestic material culture

A

household archaeology

42
Q

-focused on the inter-relationship between humans and their environment
-how do environments impact societies and vice versa

A

environmental archaeology

43
Q

-large deposits of shells accumulated as waste piles from human consumption
-channel islands; mostly mussels
-only at some sites

A

shell midden

44
Q

seeing where people move to over time. Such as in the Nile Valley. People moved away from the river as other places got more rain. Then it got dry really fast and people moved back.

A

settlement pattern

45
Q

-Richard Lee and Irven DeVore led a project studying the !Kung San living in the Kalahari desert
-“Man the Hunter” symposium April 1966 applying ethnoarchaeological observations to human evolution
-mapping floorplans of houses

A

Kalahari Research Project

46
Q

using elemental composition of stone or metal artifacts to identify its source

A

geochemical sourcing

47
Q

using annual growth rings of trees to reconstruct absolute chronology

A

dendrochronology

48
Q

the earliest possible date for something

A

terminus post quem

49
Q

proposed a model of unilineal evolution

A

Lewis Henry Morgan

50
Q

called “The Father of American Anthropology”
-cultural relativism

A

Franz Boas

51
Q

-cultural changes are adaptive relative to the environment
-cultural change is scientifically predictable once all the variables are understood

A

Lewis Binford

52
Q

German businessman set out to “prove the ancient Greek stories of Homer”
-found Priam’s Treasure
-it was 1000 years too early

A

Heinrich Schliemann

53
Q

culture is designed to fulfill important functions and meet universal human needs

A

functionalism

54
Q

uses sociocultural and archaeological research methods to understand how archaeological sites are created by living people

A

ethnoarchaeology

55
Q

deposits naturally form in flat horizontal levels unless disturbed or altered

A

Law of Original Horizontality

56
Q

vast desert / valley in East Africa

A

Oldovai Gorge, Tanzania

57
Q

pairs of footprints imprinted on the ground here

A

Laetoli, Tanzania

58
Q

the oldest stone tools were found here

A

Lomekwi, Kenya

59
Q

a rock with just a few pieces knocked off of it

A

oldowan

60
Q

made the handaxes

A

acheulean

61
Q

composite stone tools, fishhooks and harpoons, bows and arrows, spear throwers and sewing needles

A

tools associated with homo sapiens

62
Q

the genetic mutation that allowed the cognitive powers of speech and imagination to emerge some 70,000 years ago

A

The Cognitive Revolution

63
Q

-often referred to as the Ice Age
-the geological epoch that lasted from c. 2.58 million to 11,700 years ago

A

Pleistocene

64
Q

-geologic epoch that follows right after the Pleistocene
-when the Earth had a stable warm period

A

Holocene

65
Q

Madjedbebe Rockshelter

A

peopling of Australia

66
Q

-combining archaeology, linguistics, and genetics
-introduced peoples to Central, Southern, and Southeast Africa, regions they had previously been absent from

A

The Bantu Expansion

67
Q

-really focused on hunting red deer

A

Star Carr, UK

68
Q

-there was a lot more rain as the earth warmed up
-evidence of river species
-Nile River Valley

A

Sahara environmental change

69
Q

a broad native set of interactions between diverse communities that give signs they were trading with each other

A

interaction spheres

70
Q

-during the Bronze Age off the coast of Turkey
-ox-hide ingots
-diverse pottery from different regions

A

Uluburran Shipwreck

71
Q

-core-and-periphery
-can map strength, frequency of connections to create past social networks

A

World systems

72
Q

-gold production
-jade teapot

A

Great Zimbabwe

73
Q

the first toolmakers

A

homo erectus

74
Q

walking apes

A

Australopithecines

Anthropology Exam 1 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions