Exam 1

Question 1

What are the four lobes of the brain?

Answer 1

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

Question 2

When does vision fully develop?

Answer 2

around age 2

Question 3

When does the temporal lobe fully develop?

Answer 3

around age 25

Question 4

What is the limbic system

Answer 4

Emotional center drive

Question 5

What are the prefrontal cortex/frontal lobe?

Answer 5

Self-regulation system; the voice of reason

Question 6

What is the dorsolateral responsible for?

Answer 6

Planning ahead and controlling impulses

Question 7

What is the ventromedial responsible for?

Answer 7

Gut level decision making

Question 8

What is the orbitofrontal responsible for?

Answer 8

Risks and rewards

Question 9

What happens when your cortical and subcortical regions increase connectivity?

Answer 9

The limbic system begins to talk to the frontal lobe

Question 10

Why do adolescents do more risky behavior?

Answer 10

This is because their subcortical systems develop earlier than their prefrontal control regions

Question 11

What changes during adolescents regarding dopamine?

Answer 11

the amount of density and distribution of dopamine receptors are heightened

Question 12

What was seen in the dot test?

Answer 12

Adults fail the dot test due to their usage of the frontal lobe whilst adolescence use a different part of the brain

Question 13

What was seen in the swimming with sharks study?

Answer 13

Adolescents took longer to respond due to the fact that their prefrontal cortex were not fully developed whilst adults use the basal ganglia which automatically allows us to scoff at the idea

Question 14

What was seen with the Iowa gambling task?

Answer 14

We saw that adolescents focused on rewards due to the ventral striatum whilst adults focused on the punishments in order to do harm avoidance

Question 15

What is the limbic system?

Answer 15

It is the emotional drive system with it’s functions being food, fear, fighting and sex. Teens use the amygdala (fight or flight response) rather than the frontal cortex

Question 16

What did we see in the performance in response to emotional cues?

Answer 16

Adolescents performed worse in the neutral and fearful cues showing that they are using their limbic system more.

Question 17

Is adolescence a time of storm and stress?

Answer 17

No, we believe it to be true due to myths

Question 18

What is an important hormone that kick starts puberty?

Answer 18

Kisspeptin

Question 19

What is the leptin/fat hypothesis?

Answer 19

It posits that your body needs enough fat cells in order to begin puberty

Question 20

What is the secular trend?

Answer 20

the age at which we start puberty is getting younger and younger

Question 21

What are the positive and negative of early maturation in males?

Answer 21

Positive: more popular and athletic, Negative: treated like an adult and the risk to be more antisocial

Question 22

What are the positive and negative of later maturation in males?

Answer 22

They have better coping skills and are more insightful and creative however they are at higher risk of anxiety/depression

Question 23

What are the negatives of early maturation in females?

Answer 23

They tend to be more short and stocky which typically brings about a lower body image

Question 24

Why is maturation better later in females?

Answer 24

Due to the fact that they get taller and skinnier

Question 25

Why do adolescents have a hard time getting up in the morning?

Answer 25

This is due to the fact that we have a changing sleep schedule and we require less REM sleep than children. This is called the delayed phase preference

Question 26

What are the changes in adolescent cognition?

Answer 26

They gain hypothetical thinking, move from inductive to deductive reasoning, development of metacognition, imaginary audience, personal fables, multiple dimensions and adolescent relativism

Question 27

What is inductive to deductive reasoning?

Answer 27

You are moving from assumptions and stereotypes to a more logic based scientific form of thought process

Question 28

What is the imaginary audience?

Answer 28

The idea that everyone is looking at you

Question 29

What is the personal fable?

Answer 29

Thinking that bad things will not happen to you

Question 30

What is multiple dimensions?

Answer 30

The ideas of sarcasm

Question 31

What is adolescent relativism?

Answer 31

Realizing that the world is not black and white

Question 32

How do adolescents process information different from a child?

Answer 32

They develop the ability to multi task, you have better working and long term memory, can process information much faster and develop the ability to organize things much better

Question 33

What is the immaturity gap?

Answer 33

It explains the idea that although adolescents have developed cognitively as adults their prefrontal cortex has not fully developed yet thus resulting in adolescents making stupid decisions despite being so smart

Question 34

What was found in the study of adolescent competence in courts?

Answer 34

We saw that kids below the age of 14 had little to no recognition of court proceedings, among the idea that adolescence has a less developed prefrontal cortex thus resulting in a less than ideal situation of children.

Question 35

What Piagetian operations are adolescents going through?

Answer 35

Formal operations

Question 36

What are examples of selective and divided attention?

Answer 36

Selective attention (doing homework) divided attention (doing homework whilst texting a friend)