Exam 1

Question 1

Why is Protein Important?

Answer 1

Maintain building blocks of body
Build and repair muscle
Make hormones and enzymes
Boost metabolism
Used as an energy source
Bone health and development

Question 2

What does Protein Provide to Us?

Answer 2

Skin
Hair
Nails
Transport oxygen into blood
Muscle
Energy

Question 3

protein is made of

Answer 3

chains of amino acids

Question 4

essential amino acids

Answer 4

aren’t naturally produced by the body so must be obtained in the diet

Question 5

non-essential amino acids

Answer 5

naturally produced by the body

Question 6

9 Essential Amino Acids

Answer 6

histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine

Question 7

11 Nonessential Amino Acids

Answer 7

alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, tyrosine

Question 8

Demand for amino acids such as _____ increase in times of stress and/or illness

Answer 8

arginine, cysteine, GLUTAMINE, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine

Question 9

function of glutamine

Answer 9

reduces muscle soreness and muscle mass breakdown, great supplement for exercise

Question 10

digestion of proteins in monogastrics

Answer 10

digested in the stomach and the small intestine

Question 11

digestion of proteins in ruminants (3 steps)

Answer 11

1) broken down into peptides by bacteria/microbes in the rumen
2) Microbes are flushed from the rumen into omasum and abomasum where they are killed by enzymes
3) proteins from the microbes are digested and absorbed in the small intestine

Question 12

canine source of protein

Answer 12

meat, grains and oilseeds (soybeans)

Question 13

feline source of protein

Answer 13

meat, obligate carnivores

Question 14

fish source of proteins

Answer 14

meat, canola meal, most of the protein feeds

Question 15

source of proteins for small ruminants

Answer 15

soybeans, cottonseed meal, whole cottonseed

Question 16

definition of lipids

Answer 16

concentrated form of energy which provide energy and help with the absorption of vitamins

Question 17

chemistry of lipids

Answer 17

water insoluble, soluble in organic solvents

Question 18

types of lipids

Answer 18

triglycerides (fat), steroids, waxes, phospholipids

Question 19

function of lipids

Answer 19

• energy storage
• transport of fat soluble vitamins (such as K and D)
• structural component in plants and animal cells
• protective and secretory

Question 20

lipid structure

Answer 20

Composed of glycerol and fatty acids, which combined = an ester
Glycerol is glucose and a carboxyl group
Fatty acids are chains of hydrocarbons (hydrogen and carbon)
Structure responsible for hydrophobic properties/aversion to water

Question 21

saturated fatty acids

Answer 21

• unbranched, linear chains of CH2, single carbon bonds and carboxylic acid at the end
• Mostly found in animal fats such as butter, meat, whole milk

Question 22

what are unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 22

bent hydrocarbon chain with one or more C=C double bond, carboxylic acid at the end
Found in vegetable oil, sunflower oil, avocado oil…

Question 23

lipid digestion in