Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kinesiology > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Chinese used what for healing

A

acupunture and herbs 3,000BC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Eygptians

A

began embalming mummies 2,000BC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where was anatomy first accepted?

A

Greece 800BC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Homer

A

Greek Author 800 BC
- Made detailed descriptions of battle wounds in the ilad
- TOO CLEAN to be battle wounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hippocrates

A

Father of Medicine - heal people do no harm

Four humors blood, yellow bile, phelgm, black bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Artistole

A

student of plato

studied why and how we move around

Heart - seat of intelligence
Brain - Cools Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Library of Alexandra

A

Burned Down

Vivesections - disections of living people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Galen

A

130-201 A.D

First physicians to the gladiator

Perpetuated the four humors

Dark Ages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Leonardo De Vinci

A

Viturvian man - found that the body had lots of symmetry.

  • Wide range of knowledge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Andreas Vesalius

A

1514 - 1564

Reformer of Anatomy - Claimed modern medicine had begun

Answered the question of what made the body tick

Believed that the four humors were not true

Questioned Galens Theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Microscope

A

cells, bones, nuerons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

X-ray

A

2-D image (for bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ultrasound

A

use high frequency sound waves which reflect back to the transducer

different densities effect different blood flow rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CT

A

X-ray beams move in a circle around the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

MRI

A

Protons in tissue respond to pulse of radio waves while they are being magnetized

different densities are detected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

PET positron emmison tomograpgy

A

use radioactive tracers

detect
alzheimers
organ function
heart conditions
brain disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

protect absorb secrete sensory reception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Connective Tissue

A

most abundant, connects, protects, lots of collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Connective

Fascia

A

Binds structures

Found between muscles

Enveloping sheaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Connective

Bursa

A

Pocket like accumulations of fluid

Bursa protects bone

Found in regions where shock and friction are common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Connective

Tendon

A

Connect muscle to bone

Dense parralell collagen

Aponeuroses (flattened tendon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Connective

Ligament

A

Connects bone to bone

Dense parrellel collagenous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Connective

Cartilage

A

Fibers within jelly like substances

Framework is resistant to damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Connective

Bone

also blood is a connective tissue

A

Hardest connective tissue

Contains calcium and phoshorus which is hardened

No collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Muscle

3 Types

A

Smooth - Involuntary

Cardiac - Heart - Involuntary

Skeletal - Bones - Voluntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Sense, integrates and initiates action

muscle cannot contract without nervous stimulation

Two types of cells: neurons and nueroglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Reflexes do not need……

A

brain it comes from the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

6 Functions of the Bone

A

Support
Protect
Assist in Movement
Mineral Storage - store Ca and phosphorus
Blood formation
Storage of Energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Osetoprogenitor Cells

A

Stem Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Osteocytes

A

mature bone cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Osteoblast

A

cells that form bone w/ Ca and phosphorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Osteoclast

A

resorption of bone or break down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Osteoporosis and Risk Factors

A

Bone resorption outpaces growth

Risk Factors:

History
Gender Older Women
Height
Weight - Heavier is better
Age
Smoking
Vitamins
Exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How much of the bone is organic?

A

1/3 is organic collagen

This provides tensile strength to stretch bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How much of the bone is nonorganic?

A

2/4 nonorganic calcium

Provide compressive strength

Lots of sunlight prevents mineral deficency and less bone breaks

36
Q

Other Bone Tissue

A

Hyaline Cartilage - Holds femur to knee
Fibrous Connective tissue - holds plates of skull and pelvis
Blood
Nervous tissue
Adipose - Fat
Marrow - Bone

37
Q

Bone is stronger than……

A

Steel

38
Q

Two Bone Tissue Type

A

Spongy Bone (cancellous)
- absorb quick landings
- Contains spaces
- fat between bone

Dense Bone - Cortical or Compact)
- all bones covered in it
-Found in shaft of long bones
-resist bending

39
Q

Bone Remodeling WOLFFS LAW

A

Bone will be laid down where needed and resorbed where not needed

40
Q

Factors that influence Bone Remodeling

A

Minerals - Ca and Phosphorus
Vitamins - D especially
Sex Hormones - estrogen, testorterone
Mechanical loading - exercise

41
Q

Low testosterone in track women

A

cause bone breaks and no periods because there body doesn’t have enough energy

42
Q

Long Bone Anatomy

A

Periosteum - Dense Layer on the outside of the bone

Epiphysis - regions at the end of the bone
Where growth occurs

43
Q

Joint Types 3

A

Fibrous - Connective tissue between bones

Cartilaginous - Cartilage between bones

Synovial - Space between bone for cartilage

44
Q

Fibrous

Synarthordial

A

Immovable
Gomphhosis

45
Q

Amphiarthrodial Definition and Types

A

Slightly moveable

Syndesmosis - (Fibrous) connects two parts of the same bone
Symphysis - (cartilaginous)
Synchondrosis - (cartilaginous)

46
Q

Diarthrodial Synovial Joint

A

Lots of movement
Space between articulation bones
Articular Cartilage (Hyaline)

47
Q

Functions of Synovial Fluid

A
  1. Lubrication
  2. Provides nourishment at the end of long bones
  3. Shock Absorption
48
Q

Synovial (Diarthrodial) Joints

A
  1. Gliding nonaxial joints - slide - intercarpal joints
  2. Pivot uniaxial - move one direction - radio ulnar joint
  3. Hinge Uniaxial Joint - Humero ulnar joint
  4. Ellipsoidal (Condyloid) move one direction - metacarpophalengeal
  5. Saddle Joints Biaxial - Cant Twist - carpometacarpal
  6. Ball and Socket - Triaxial - Femoroacetabular joint (hip)
49
Q

Osteoarthritis

A
  • wear and tear at joint
  • articular cartilage damaged
  • bone growth
  • large joints affected
50
Q

Rheumentoid Arthritis

A

Immune System Malfunction

Immune System attacking synovial membrane, which secretes synovial fluid.

51
Q

Nervous System Functions

A
  • Sense
    –Externally
    –Internally
  • Integrates
  • Initiates Action
52
Q

Neuroglia Basics

A
  • Protects nuerons and aids their function and support
  • Oligodendrocytes CNS and Shawann Cells PNS
  • Astrocyte - most abundant neuroglia
53
Q

Oligodendrocytes CNS and Shawann Cells PNS

A

Produce myelin sheath

54
Q

Astrocyte - most abundant neuroglia

A

Creates blood brain barrier

Nueron sends signal and then astrocyte responds

55
Q

In a Neuron the bigger the diameter the……

A

faster the action potential

56
Q

White and Gray Matter

A

White Matter - Contains bundles of myelinated axons

Grey Matter - Contains cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals, synapses

57
Q

Multiple Sclerosis MS

A

Immune System attacks myelin

20-40 years of age women

numbness and weakness

Double Vision

Lack of cordination

58
Q

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS

A

Progressive degeneration of alpa motor neurons

59
Q

Two Types of Nueral Synapses

A

Electrical in cardiac muscle

Chemical nueromuscular junction

60
Q

Electrical Synapse in cardiac muscle

A

Direct connection between membranes

Spanned by connexons

61
Q

Nueromuscular Junction

A

Synapse between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle

Nuerotransmitter = Ach

Action Potentials pathways are always excitatory

62
Q

Alpha motor neuron

A

Largest neurons in the body

Myelinated

Cell bodies located in brainstem and spinal cord

63
Q

Resting Membrane Potential

A

Positive outside the cell with more Na and negative inside with more K

64
Q

Postsynaptic cells recieve inputs

of…..

A

Excitatory or Inhibitory

all or none from the axon hillock

65
Q

Voluntary Movement

A

initaite in brain

signals carry down spinal cord

66
Q

Reflexive Movement
Involuntary

A

Initiated in receptors

Sensory neurons to spinal cord

motor neurons trigger muscle

67
Q

Golgi Tendon Organs

A

Detect Tension applied to a tendon

68
Q

Muscle Functions

A

Movement

Stability

Communication to muscles

Heat 85 percent of the body

69
Q

Muscle Properties

A

Excitability - receive in response to stimulus

Conductivity he excitable membrane

Contractibility ability to shorten (stretch muscle when bending)

Extensibility ability to stretch without being damaged

Elasticity ability to return to normal shape after stretching

70
Q

Concentric

A

Muscle shortens, when active

71
Q

Escentric

A

Muscle length whenactive

72
Q

Isometric

A

Muscle remains same length of an active

73
Q

T - tubule

A

Brings action potential into inferior muscle fiber

74
Q

Terminal cisternae

A

Holds calcium

75
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Stores calcium

76
Q

Myofibrils

A

Where action happens

Inside myofibrils, the microfilament is responsible for shortening

77
Q

Slow twitch muscle fibers

A

Low force aerobic slow to fatigue

78
Q

Intermediate muscle fibers

A

Moderate force, mostly aerobic, slow to fatigue

79
Q

Fast twitch muscle fibers

A

High force anaerobic quick to fatigue 

80
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Makes more cells

81
Q

Hyper trophy

A

Pack more actin and myosin into the cells

82
Q

Exercise stimulates increases in

A

Protein filaments
Mitochondria ATP production
Myoglobin
Glycogen
Blood capillaries

83
Q

More motor units equals

A

More force

84
Q

When action potentials increases

A

the muscle is stimulated repeatedly
The frequency is continuous

85
Q

How many muscles are in the body?

A

600

Kinesiology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions