Exam 1 Flashcards
chapters 1,2, & 3
what is the function of the cell?
provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out specialized functions.
FOUR DIFFERENT TYPE OF TISSUES
tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
What two systems make up the circulatory system?
the vascular ( heart and blood vessels)
lymphatic system ( lymphatic vessels and lymph tissue)
What are arteries?
Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues (O2)
What are Veins?
Blood vessels that carry blood, with CO, it has collected, from tissues to heart
What are Capillaries?
Minute, web-like blood vessels that connect arteries to veins and permit transfer of materials between blood and tissues
What is the portal vein and where does it lead?
Liver; enables liver to process absorbed nutrients before they enter the general bloodstream
What is composed of the lymphatic system and what are the functions of this system?
Besides defending the body against pathogens, lymphatic vessels that serve the small intestine are very important for nutrition.
Lymphatic System-Drain excess water
-Temporary reservoir
-Carry large molecules, such as long chain fatty acids
What is the fight and flight reaction?
What are hormones and where are they found?
the messengers of the body; endocrine system
What hormones are involved in the endocrine system and what are their functions?
Insulin - Secreted after we eat in response to high blood glucose levels: Tells the cells there is available energy
Glucagen - Secreted in between meals and during exercise; tells cells there is no available energy in blood so need to pull from stores.
thyroid hormones
The cells within an immune system
skin, intestinal cells, white blood cells
What is digestion?
- breakdown nutrient into simpler compound (mechanically or chemically).
What is Absorption?
transfers nutrients from inside the digestive tract to blood.
What organs are parts of the GI tract and which ones are accessory organs?
accessory - liver, gallbladder, pancreas
What happens when you eat fats and proteins (what hormone is secreted)?
What does this cause?
cholecystokinin ; Causes contraction of the gall bladder –>
Releases bile into small intestine
* Causes release of digestive enzymes from pancreas into small intestine.
What is bile (where is it made and stored)?
made by liver, stored in gallbladder. Emulsifies fats and oils to ready them for enzymatic digestion
What organs are included in the urinary system and what are their main functions?
-2 kidneys on each side of spinal cord
-Bladder connected to kidneys via ureter
-Bladder is emptied via urethra
Kidneys
-Nephrons: working units of the kidneys
-Kidneys are the waste and water removal specialists
What macronutrients can be stored in our bodies to be used at a later time? What form are they stored in and where are they stored?
carbohydrates stored in liver and skeletal muscle as glycogen .Remember that liver glycogen is depleted in 3-6 hours!
lipids stored as triglycerides in the adipose tissue.
