exam 1

Question 1

Phoenicians

Answer 1

1. First accomplished sailors - trade routes hugged coast
2. sailed the coast of Africa
3. Trade routes in Mediterranean, Africa, red sea, black sea, E. Atlantic, Indian Ocean
4. Developed modern technology

Question 2

Murex

Answer 2

sea snail produced purple dye
Tyrian Purple

Question 3

Aristotle

Answer 3

Father of Natural history
1st marine Biologist
credit for 16 species

Question 4

The dark ages

Answer 4

Only in Europe
knowledge of ancient Greeks lost or distorted
Vikings cont. exploring N. America
Arab traders explore Africa/Asia

Question 5

Christopher Columbus

Answer 5

used sextant, compass, and maps to explore

Question 6

Ferdinand Magellan

Answer 6

Circumnavigated the globe

Question 7

Modern Exploration

Answer 7

Explored to discover new world – not just trade routes
- had more accurate maps
- naturalist onboard

Question 8

James Cook

Answer 8

Sailed to Antarctica, new Zealand, Tahiti, etc.
Died in Hawaii (unpleasant encounter with locals)
1768 - 1779

Question 9

Charles Darwin

Answer 9

HMS Beagle (1831-1836)
- note on species
-writes origin of species (sits on it for awhile ‘cause church)

Question 10

Wilkes Expedition

Answer 10

• First international survey sponsored by U.S.
• 10,000 + biological specimen recorded (2,000 new of)
• explored/charted PNW
• charted coast of Antarctic
• explored 200 + islands
  1838 - 1842

Question 11

HMS Challenger

Answer 11

• 1st pure science expedition
• 19 years to puplish all data - 50 volumes
• discovery challenger deep

Question 12

Diving Bells

Answer 12

inverted cup

Question 13

Confederate submarine

Answer 13

crew of 8 - short
crank would propel
sank 3 time killing crew

Question 14

Sonar

Answer 14

waves

Question 15

S.C.U.B.A.

Answer 15

Invented by Emily Gagnan & Jacques Cousteau
1st production of aqua lung
limitation Lose of heat - air bubbles can kill

Question 16

ROV

Answer 16

Remote operated vehicle

Question 17

HOV

Answer 17

Human Operated Vehicle
(Alvin discover titanic)

Question 18

AUV

Answer 18

Automatic underwater vehicle

Question 19

Seaglides

Answer 19

• operates in cold climate
• explore arti
• 6 month trip
• uses beacon to navigate
  -untethered

Question 20

FLIP

Answer 20

Floating Instrument Platform
- stable - little movement of drift
helps navy

Question 21

Aquarius

Answer 21

Underwater lab

Question 22

Critter cans

Answer 22

Attaches to creature and records audio and video

Question 23

scientific method

Answer 23

Observations - verified by others – lead to? falsifiable – factors measure/controllable
1. Hypothesis
2. design
3. evaluate results
4. formulate logical conclusion

Question 24

water

Answer 24

human body - 60%
marine organism - 80%
Sea jelly - 95%
heat storage - temp. changes slowly and hold temp. well
Ice formation - less dense ‘cause hydrogen bond hold molecules apart
High temp. - water bond break

Question 25

Seawater - 2 places

Answer 25

1. rocks on land 2. earth interior - volcanos

Question 26

PSU - Practical Salinity units

Answer 26

avg. ocean - 35 PSU red sea - 40 PSU Baltic - 7PSU Pacific - 34.5 PSU changes via evaporation, freezing, and precipitation

Question 27

Composition of sea water

Answer 27

1. Chloride 2. sodium 3. sulfate 4. Magnesium

Question 28

Thermocline

Answer 28

A transition layer of water, with a steeper vertical temp. Gradient than found in layers of ocean - or It gets cold quickly

Question 29

Water Color

Answer 29

water acts a filter blue being most prominent

Question 30

Coriolis Effect

Answer 30

force due to earth rotation N. Hemisphere goes right - S. goes left trade winds 300 north/south best sailing Doldrums = death

Question 31

Ekman's Spiral

Answer 31

wind pushes water 45 degrees layer below move 45 degrees and so on

Question 32

The Great Pacific Garbage Heap

Answer 32

In the name

Question 33

The great Ocean Conveyor

Answer 33

Deep circulation below 5000 ft. 4,000 years to circulate mix world ocean depth would fluctuate with water density

Question 34

Intertidal zone

Answer 34

Ocean meets land daily fluctuations salinity - temp. - light - humidity - food - exposure to predators - wave action

Question 35

Spring tides

Answer 35

Sun, moon, earth in line extremely high/low

Question 36

Neap tides

Answer 36

sun, earth, moon 90 degrees less intense highs and lows

Question 37

Tides

Answer 37

Diurnal (1 high and low) Semidiurnal ( 1 high high and low low Mixed semidiurnal (1)

Question 38

Bacteria and Algae

Answer 38

rule

Question 39

Asexual

Answer 39

fission Splits in to 2 Budding Identical organisam

Question 40

Parthenogenesis

Answer 40

Embryo without fertilization like that shark

Question 41

Hermaphroditic

Answer 41

male to female if necessary

Question 42

Hermaphroditism

Answer 42

female to male

Question 43

Simultaneous hermaphrodite

Answer 43

throw it around like sperm broadcasting