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Marine Bio > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Phoenicians

A
  1. First accomplished sailors - trade routes hugged coast
  2. sailed the coast of Africa
  3. Trade routes in Mediterranean, Africa, red sea, black sea, E. Atlantic, Indian Ocean
  4. Developed modern technology
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2
Q

Murex

A

sea snail produced purple dye
Tyrian Purple

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3
Q

Aristotle

A

Father of Natural history
1st marine Biologist
credit for 16 species

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4
Q

The dark ages

A

Only in Europe
knowledge of ancient Greeks lost or distorted
Vikings cont. exploring N. America
Arab traders explore Africa/Asia

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5
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

used sextant, compass, and maps to explore

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6
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A

Circumnavigated the globe

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7
Q

Modern Exploration

A

Explored to discover new world – not just trade routes
- had more accurate maps
- naturalist onboard

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8
Q

James Cook

A

Sailed to Antarctica, new Zealand, Tahiti, etc.
Died in Hawaii (unpleasant encounter with locals)
1768 - 1779

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9
Q

Charles Darwin

A

HMS Beagle (1831-1836)
- note on species
-writes origin of species (sits on it for awhile ‘cause church)

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10
Q

Wilkes Expedition

A
  • First international survey sponsored by U.S.
  • 10,000 + biological specimen recorded (2,000 new of)
  • explored/charted PNW
  • charted coast of Antarctic
  • explored 200 + islands
    1838 - 1842
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11
Q

HMS Challenger

A
  • 1st pure science expedition
  • 19 years to puplish all data - 50 volumes
  • discovery challenger deep
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12
Q

Diving Bells

A

inverted cup

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13
Q

Confederate submarine

A

crew of 8 - short
crank would propel
sank 3 time killing crew

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14
Q

Sonar

A

waves

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15
Q

S.C.U.B.A.

A

Invented by Emily Gagnan & Jacques Cousteau
1st production of aqua lung
limitation Lose of heat - air bubbles can kill

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16
Q

ROV

A

Remote operated vehicle

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17
Q

HOV

A

Human Operated Vehicle
(Alvin discover titanic)

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18
Q

AUV

A

Automatic underwater vehicle

19
Q

Seaglides

A
  • operates in cold climate
  • explore arti
  • 6 month trip
  • uses beacon to navigate
    -untethered
20
Q

FLIP

A

Floating Instrument Platform
- stable - little movement of drift
helps navy

21
Q

Aquarius

A

Underwater lab

22
Q

Critter cans

A

Attaches to creature and records audio and video

23
Q

scientific method

A

Observations - verified by others – lead to? falsifiable – factors measure/controllable
1. Hypothesis
2. design
3. evaluate results
4. formulate logical conclusion

24
Q

water

A

human body - 60%
marine organism - 80%
Sea jelly - 95%
heat storage - temp. changes slowly and hold temp. well
Ice formation - less dense ‘cause hydrogen bond hold molecules apart
High temp. - water bond break

25
Q

Seawater - 2 places

A
  1. rocks on land
  2. earth interior - volcanos
26
Q

PSU - Practical Salinity units

A

avg. ocean - 35 PSU
red sea - 40 PSU
Baltic - 7PSU
Pacific - 34.5 PSU
changes via evaporation, freezing, and precipitation

27
Q

Composition of sea water

A
  1. Chloride
  2. sodium
  3. sulfate
  4. Magnesium
28
Q

Thermocline

A

A transition layer of water, with a steeper vertical temp. Gradient than found in layers of ocean - or It gets cold quickly

29
Q

Water Color

A

water acts a filter blue being most prominent

30
Q

Coriolis Effect

A

force due to earth rotation
N. Hemisphere goes right - S. goes left
trade winds 300 north/south best sailing
Doldrums = death

31
Q

Ekman’s Spiral

A

wind pushes water 45 degrees
layer below move 45 degrees and so on

32
Q

The Great Pacific Garbage Heap

A

In the name

33
Q

The great Ocean Conveyor

A

Deep circulation below 5000 ft.
4,000 years to circulate
mix world ocean
depth would fluctuate with water density

34
Q

Intertidal zone

A

Ocean meets land
daily fluctuations
salinity - temp. - light - humidity - food - exposure to predators - wave action

35
Q

Spring tides

A

Sun, moon, earth in line
extremely high/low

36
Q

Neap tides

A

sun, earth, moon 90 degrees
less intense highs and lows

37
Q

Tides

A

Diurnal (1 high and low)
Semidiurnal ( 1 high high and low low
Mixed semidiurnal (1)

38
Q

Bacteria and Algae

A

rule

39
Q

Asexual

A

fission Splits in to 2
Budding Identical organisam

40
Q

Parthenogenesis

A

Embryo without fertilization
like that shark

41
Q

Hermaphroditic

A

male to female if necessary

42
Q

Hermaphroditism

A

female to male

43
Q

Simultaneous hermaphrodite

A

throw it around like sperm broadcasting

Marine Bio (1 decks)

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