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MOD 715 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of physical agents

A

-reduce tissue inflammation
-accelerate tissue healing
-pain management
-alters collagen extensibility
-modifies muscle tone

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2
Q

Are physical agents considered skilled physical therapy by the APTA

A

no, but can be used with skilled therapy treatments

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3
Q

What physical agents are in the thermal category

A

-ultrasound, diathermy
-hot pack
-ice pack

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4
Q

What physical agents are in the mechanical category

A

-mechanical traction
-elastic bandage, stockings
-whirlpool
-ultrasound

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5
Q

What physical agents are in the electromagnetic category

A

-ultraviolet, laser
-TENS

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6
Q

What domain of the ICF model do modalities DIRECTLY effect

A

body function & structure

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7
Q

What are steps to consider when using therapeutic modalities

A

-goals & effects of Rx
-contraindications & precautions
-EBP for physical agent used
-cost, convenience, availability

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8
Q

Average time for inflammation phase

A

1-6 days post injury

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9
Q

Average time for proliferation/fibroblastic phase

A

3-20 days

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10
Q

Average time for maturation/remodel phase

A

9 days onwards

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11
Q

Define inflammation phase

A

-immediate protective response
-attempts to destroy/dilute/isolate cells/agents that may by faulty

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12
Q

What are the 3 purposes for inflammation phase

A
  1. form fibrin lattice that limits blood loss & provides some initial strength to wound
  2. remove damaged tissue
  3. recruit endothelial cells & fibroblasts
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13
Q

What are the general main goals for PT during inflammatory phase

A

decrease swelling, pain improve PROM/AROM

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14
Q

What modalities are recommended during inflammatory phase

A

-cryotherapy
-compression
-PRICE

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15
Q

How many processes does the proliferation phase have

A

4 processes

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16
Q

What are the general main goals for PT during proliferation phase

A

-improve ROM, function
-protect wound

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17
Q

What is the ultimate goal of the maturation phase

A

restoration of prior function

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18
Q

What are the general main goals for PT during maturation phase

A

-return pt to activity

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19
Q

Tendons & ligaments best consideration for inflammatory phase

A

PRICE

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20
Q

Tendons & ligaments best consideration for proliferation/remodel phase

A

immobilization vs early controlled forces for tendons

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21
Q

Tendons & ligaments best consideration for maturation phase

A

physiological loading important

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22
Q

Cartilage (articular) healing

A

aneural/avascular = limited ability to heal

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23
Q

Cartilage consideration for adolescents

A

-some capacity to heal

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24
Q

Cartilage consideration for adults

A

-limited ability to heal
-healing occurs by development fibrous scar tissue or not at all
-can form granulation tissue if bony injury = cartilage

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25
Skeletal muscle healing
-regenerates well -depends on type injury
26
Skeletal muscle contusion, strains
follow general stages of healing
27
Skeletal muscle severe infections
muscle fibers destroyed
28
Skeletal muscle transection of muscle
-may regenerate -growth from undamaged fibers or development of new fibers
29
Bone Fx healing stages
1. inflammatory 2. reparative/proliferation (soft callus formation) 3. reparative/proliferation (hard callus formation) 4. bone remodeling
30
Why use cryotherapy
-control inflammation -control pain -control edema -reduce spasticity -control symptoms MS -facilitate ROM
31
How does cryotherapy help inflammation control
directly decreases heat & edema associated w/ inflammation by decreasing blood flow
32
How does cryotherapy help pain control
10-15 min can help w/ pain for 1 or more hours after Rx
33
Describe cold packs
-mixture -can be made by PT
34
Describe ice packs
-pure ice -more aggressive cooling
35
How might a pt describe what they are feeling w/ cold pack application
-cold -burning -aching -analgesia -numbness
36
Cold pack application technique
-10 to 20 mins -no longer than 30 mins -repeated every 1-2 hours
37
Pros of controlled cold compression unit
-applied continuously -used directly post surgery -more effective in reducing swelling/pain -assist pt w/ regaining ROM faster
38
Cons of controlled cold compression unit
-costly -only one size -can not cover smaller extremities
39
Pros of ice massage
-cost effective -quick
40
Cons of ice massage
-messy -can cause infection
41
Pros of ice water immersion/bucket
-full coverage of contact area (greater surface area)
42
Cons of ice water immersion/bucket
-can not cover bigger body structures tolerance to cold
43
Pros vapocoolant spray
-brief & rapid cutaneous cooling -return athlete to game quickly
44
Cons vapocoolant spray
-chemicals overall are dangerous
45
What are the most common contradictions for cryotherapy
-cold hypersentivity -cold intolerance -Raynaud's disease or phenomenon
46
What is the most common contradictions for cryotherapy
-pt w/ poor sensation/mentation
47
What are some adverse effects of cryotherapy
-tissue death/prolonged vasoconstriction -nerve damage -unwanted vasodilation (cold induced vasodilation)
48
Define conduction
energy exchange by DIRECT contact of stationary material/tissue at diff temp
49
safety rules for conduction
-temps not significantly diff from pt's skin temp -6 to 8 layers of towels -remove any metal or high thermal conductivity material from pt.
50
define convection
-DIRECT contact between circulating medium & another material of diff temp -heat transfer more rapidly based on faster speed of movement between 2 materials
50
define conversion
-converting NON thermal form of energy into heat -NOT required direct contact -NEEDs a intervening medium
50
List tissues in order by how fast they can heat up
1. skin 2. muscle 3. fat 4. bone
51
Physiological effects of cryotherapy
-hemodynamic/vasoconstriction -neuromuscular effects/pain reduction -metabolic effects/ decrease inflammation
52
Wat are the main uses of heat for therapy
-control pain -increase soft tissue extensibility & circulation -accelerate healing
53
What are the physiological effects of thermotherapy
-vasodilation -pain gating -increased metabolic rate -altered tissue extensibility
54
What are some physiological considerations for thermotherapy
-skin temps rise rapidly & exhibits the greatest temp change -subcutaneous tissue temps rise slower and less change -muscles/joints at the least temp change
55
Does superficial heating agents heat to the depth of most muscles
no, they do not do to muscles being deeper
56
How could a PT heat deep muscles of a pt
-exercise -deep heating modalities (US or diathermy)
57
neuromuscular effects of thermotherapy
-increased neve conduction velocity -change frequency of nerve firing rate & spasm -increased pain threshold -alter muscle endurance & strength
58
How long does it take for muscle strength & endurance to decrease after the initial heat agent
30 minutes
59
metabolic effect thermotherapy
-increase rate of cellular biomechanical reactions -increase O2 uptake, accelerate healing -increase metabolic rate of destructive process
60
clinical uses of superficial heat
-increase ROM, decrease joint stiffness -accelerate healing -superficial muscle relaxation
61
When should a PT NOT apply thermotherapy to a pt
-acute inflammatory phase
62
What phase of healing is it best to use thermotherapy
-proliferative or remodeling stage -chronic inflammation present
63
physiology of superficial muscle relaxation (heat)
-change frequency nerve firing -decreased firing frequency alpha moto neurons -good for LBP & spams
64
What is the effect of cryotherapy for most uses
-decreases effect
65
What structure is increased effect with cryotherapy
-joint stiffness
66
What does thermotherapy have increase effect
-blood flow -edema -nerve conduction -metabolic rate collagen extensibility
67
What does thermotherapy have decrease effect
-pain -muscle spasm -joint stiffness
68
What are the main contraindications for thermotherapy
-acute MSK -acute inflammatory conditions -impaired sensations
69
What are the main precautions for thermotherapy
-poor circulation -poor thermal regulation -over open wound -demyelinated nerves
70
name some adverse effects of thermotherapy
-burns -fainting -bleeding ALWAYS gove pt way to stop Rx
71
examples of hot packs
-commercial hot packs (heated by hot water) -chemical/electrical heat pads
72
application of hot pack
-check skin BEFORE & AFTER intervention -20 to 30 mins -medium conduction -layer 6 to 8 towels
73
Describe paraffin
-hot wax wrap -dip wrap: distal extremity -dip immersion: distal in bath 20 min -paint: any area of body
74
What is the most common of the paraffin applications
dip-wrap
75
What is dip-wrap
-dip 5 to 10 times -wrap hand in plastic bag & towel -leave on 10 to 15 mins
76
Ultrasound (US heat) thermal effects
-continuous US penetrate more deeply
77
What is the average treatment duration for US (thermal)
5 to 10 mins
78
describe diathermy (SWD)(thermal)
-conversion -heat when friction between molecules increase tissue temp
79
Rx parameters of diathermy
-thermal: 20 mins -remove jewelry/metal -NEVER use on pt w/ implanted stimulators -AVOID direct contact with skin

MOD 715 (1 decks)

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