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MOD 715 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of physical agents

A

-reduce tissue inflammation
-accelerate tissue healing
-pain management
-alters collagen extensibility
-modifies muscle tone

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2
Q

Are physical agents considered skilled physical therapy by the APTA

A

no, but can be used with skilled therapy treatments

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3
Q

What physical agents are in the thermal category

A

-ultrasound, diathermy
-hot pack
-ice pack

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4
Q

What physical agents are in the mechanical category

A

-mechanical traction
-elastic bandage, stockings
-whirlpool
-ultrasound

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5
Q

What physical agents are in the electromagnetic category

A

-ultraviolet, laser
-TENS

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6
Q

What domain of the ICF model do modalities DIRECTLY effect

A

body function & structure

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7
Q

What are steps to consider when using therapeutic modalities

A

-goals & effects of Rx
-contraindications & precautions
-EBP for physical agent used
-cost, convenience, availability

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8
Q

Average time for inflammation phase

A

1-6 days post injury

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9
Q

Average time for proliferation/fibroblastic phase

A

3-20 days

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10
Q

Average time for maturation/remodel phase

A

9 days onwards

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11
Q

Define inflammation phase

A

-immediate protective response
-attempts to destroy/dilute/isolate cells/agents that may by faulty

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12
Q

What are the 3 purposes for inflammation phase

A
  1. form fibrin lattice that limits blood loss & provides some initial strength to wound
  2. remove damaged tissue
  3. recruit endothelial cells & fibroblasts
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13
Q

What are the general main goals for PT during inflammatory phase

A

decrease swelling, pain improve PROM/AROM

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14
Q

What modalities are recommended during inflammatory phase

A

-cryotherapy
-compression
-PRICE

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15
Q

How many processes does the proliferation phase have

A

4 processes

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16
Q

What are the general main goals for PT during proliferation phase

A

-improve ROM, function
-protect wound

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17
Q

What is the ultimate goal of the maturation phase

A

restoration of prior function

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18
Q

What are the general main goals for PT during maturation phase

A

-return pt to activity

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19
Q

Tendons & ligaments best consideration for inflammatory phase

A

PRICE

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20
Q

Tendons & ligaments best consideration for proliferation/remodel phase

A

immobilization vs early controlled forces for tendons

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21
Q

Tendons & ligaments best consideration for maturation phase

A

physiological loading important

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22
Q

Cartilage (articular) healing

A

aneural/avascular = limited ability to heal

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23
Q

Cartilage consideration for adolescents

A

-some capacity to heal

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24
Q

Cartilage consideration for adults

A

-limited ability to heal
-healing occurs by development fibrous scar tissue or not at all
-can form granulation tissue if bony injury = cartilage

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25
Q

Skeletal muscle healing

A

-regenerates well
-depends on type injury

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26
Q

Skeletal muscle contusion, strains

A

follow general stages of healing

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27
Q

Skeletal muscle severe infections

A

muscle fibers destroyed

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28
Q

Skeletal muscle transection of muscle

A

-may regenerate
-growth from undamaged fibers or development of new fibers

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29
Q

Bone Fx healing stages

A
  1. inflammatory
  2. reparative/proliferation (soft callus formation)
  3. reparative/proliferation (hard callus formation)
  4. bone remodeling
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30
Q

Why use cryotherapy

A

-control inflammation
-control pain
-control edema
-reduce spasticity
-control symptoms MS
-facilitate ROM

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31
Q

How does cryotherapy help inflammation control

A

directly decreases heat & edema associated w/ inflammation by decreasing blood flow

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32
Q

How does cryotherapy help pain control

A

10-15 min can help w/ pain for 1 or more hours after Rx

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33
Q

Describe cold packs

A

-mixture
-can be made by PT

34
Q

Describe ice packs

A

-pure ice
-more aggressive cooling

35
Q

How might a pt describe what they are feeling w/ cold pack application

A

-cold
-burning
-aching
-analgesia
-numbness

36
Q

Cold pack application technique

A

-10 to 20 mins
-no longer than 30 mins
-repeated every 1-2 hours

37
Q

Pros of controlled cold compression unit

A

-applied continuously
-used directly post surgery
-more effective in reducing swelling/pain
-assist pt w/ regaining ROM faster

38
Q

Cons of controlled cold compression unit

A

-costly
-only one size
-can not cover smaller extremities

39
Q

Pros of ice massage

A

-cost effective
-quick

40
Q

Cons of ice massage

A

-messy
-can cause infection

41
Q

Pros of ice water immersion/bucket

A

-full coverage of contact area (greater surface area)

42
Q

Cons of ice water immersion/bucket

A

-can not cover bigger body structures
tolerance to cold

43
Q

Pros vapocoolant spray

A

-brief & rapid cutaneous cooling
-return athlete to game quickly

44
Q

Cons vapocoolant spray

A

-chemicals overall are dangerous

45
Q

What are the most common contradictions for cryotherapy

A

-cold hypersentivity
-cold intolerance
-Raynaud’s disease or phenomenon

46
Q

What is the most common contradictions for cryotherapy

A

-pt w/ poor sensation/mentation

47
Q

What are some adverse effects of cryotherapy

A

-tissue death/prolonged vasoconstriction
-nerve damage
-unwanted vasodilation (cold induced vasodilation)

48
Q

Define conduction

A

energy exchange by DIRECT contact of stationary material/tissue at diff temp

49
Q

safety rules for conduction

A

-temps not significantly diff from pt’s skin temp
-6 to 8 layers of towels
-remove any metal or high thermal conductivity material from pt.

50
Q

define convection

A

-DIRECT contact between circulating medium & another material of diff temp
-heat transfer more rapidly based on faster speed of movement between 2 materials

50
Q

define conversion

A

-converting NON thermal form of energy into heat
-NOT required direct contact
-NEEDs a intervening medium

50
Q

List tissues in order by how fast they can heat up

A
  1. skin
  2. muscle
  3. fat
  4. bone
51
Q

Physiological effects of cryotherapy

A

-hemodynamic/vasoconstriction
-neuromuscular effects/pain reduction
-metabolic effects/ decrease inflammation

52
Q

Wat are the main uses of heat for therapy

A

-control pain
-increase soft tissue extensibility & circulation
-accelerate healing

53
Q

What are the physiological effects of thermotherapy

A

-vasodilation
-pain gating
-increased metabolic rate
-altered tissue extensibility

54
Q

What are some physiological considerations for thermotherapy

A

-skin temps rise rapidly & exhibits the greatest temp change
-subcutaneous tissue temps rise slower and less change
-muscles/joints at the least temp change

55
Q

Does superficial heating agents heat to the depth of most muscles

A

no, they do not do to muscles being deeper

56
Q

How could a PT heat deep muscles of a pt

A

-exercise
-deep heating modalities (US or diathermy)

57
Q

neuromuscular effects of thermotherapy

A

-increased neve conduction velocity
-change frequency of nerve firing rate & spasm
-increased pain threshold
-alter muscle endurance & strength

58
Q

How long does it take for muscle strength & endurance to decrease after the initial heat agent

A

30 minutes

59
Q

metabolic effect thermotherapy

A

-increase rate of cellular biomechanical reactions
-increase O2 uptake, accelerate healing
-increase metabolic rate of destructive process

60
Q

clinical uses of superficial heat

A

-increase ROM, decrease joint stiffness
-accelerate healing
-superficial muscle relaxation

61
Q

When should a PT NOT apply thermotherapy to a pt

A

-acute inflammatory phase

62
Q

What phase of healing is it best to use thermotherapy

A

-proliferative or remodeling stage
-chronic inflammation present

63
Q

physiology of superficial muscle relaxation (heat)

A

-change frequency nerve firing
-decreased firing frequency alpha moto neurons
-good for LBP & spams

64
Q

What is the effect of cryotherapy for most uses

A

-decreases effect

65
Q

What structure is increased effect with cryotherapy

A

-joint stiffness

66
Q

What does thermotherapy have increase effect

A

-blood flow
-edema
-nerve conduction
-metabolic rate
collagen extensibility

67
Q

What does thermotherapy have decrease effect

A

-pain
-muscle spasm
-joint stiffness

68
Q

What are the main contraindications for thermotherapy

A

-acute MSK
-acute inflammatory conditions
-impaired sensations

69
Q

What are the main precautions for thermotherapy

A

-poor circulation
-poor thermal regulation
-over open wound
-demyelinated nerves

70
Q

name some adverse effects of thermotherapy

A

-burns
-fainting
-bleeding
ALWAYS gove pt way to stop Rx

71
Q

examples of hot packs

A

-commercial hot packs (heated by hot water)
-chemical/electrical heat pads

72
Q

application of hot pack

A

-check skin BEFORE & AFTER intervention
-20 to 30 mins
-medium conduction
-layer 6 to 8 towels

73
Q

Describe paraffin

A

-hot wax wrap
-dip wrap: distal extremity
-dip immersion: distal in bath 20 min
-paint: any area of body

74
Q

What is the most common of the paraffin applications

A

dip-wrap

75
Q

What is dip-wrap

A

-dip 5 to 10 times
-wrap hand in plastic bag & towel
-leave on 10 to 15 mins

76
Q

Ultrasound (US heat) thermal effects

A

-continuous US penetrate more deeply

77
Q

What is the average treatment duration for US (thermal)

A

5 to 10 mins

78
Q

describe diathermy (SWD)(thermal)

A

-conversion
-heat when friction between molecules increase tissue temp

79
Q

Rx parameters of diathermy

A

-thermal: 20 mins
-remove jewelry/metal
-NEVER use on pt w/ implanted stimulators
-AVOID direct contact with skin

MOD 715 (1 decks)

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