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Dental materials > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

operative dentistry

A

the branch of dentistry that deals with the art and science of diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and prognosis of diseases or trauma of the dentition.

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2
Q

preventative dentistry

A

dental care that helps maintain good oral health.

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3
Q

biomaterials

A

man-made materials used to replace tissues or that function in intimate contact with living tissues.
Dental materials are biomaterials used in or around the oral cavity.

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4
Q

dental materials

A

Dental materials are biomaterials used in or around the oral cavity.

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5
Q

enamel

A

hard wear-resistant surface material

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6
Q

Dentin

A

bulk material of the tooth that acts as a cushion to enamel

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7
Q

pulp

A

provides nutrients to the dentin and responds to stimuli

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8
Q

periodontium

A

supports the tooth and provides feedback on forces placed on the tooth

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9
Q

gingival tissue

A

prevents noxious agents from accessing the periodontium

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10
Q

Class I

A

toothbrush and toothpaste

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11
Q

Class II

A

Composite and amalgam restoration materials

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12
Q

Class III

A

Bone graft materials

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13
Q

selection of dental materials

A

biting force, degradation of material, temperature change, biocompatibility, esthetic

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14
Q

biting forces

A

may fracture teeth and replacement materials

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15
Q

degradation of materials

A

corrosion of metal teeth and dental caries

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16
Q

temperature changes

A

that cause restorations to contract and expand differently than teeth, causing leakage around the restoration as well as tooth sensitivity

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17
Q

biocompatibility

A

the lack of harmful effects to the patient

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18
Q

esthetic

A

demand of the patient

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19
Q

classification of dental materials

A

classification by use, classification by location of fabrication, classification by longevity of use

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20
Q

impressions

A

are taken to make a replica of the tooth or structures that are being fabricated

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21
Q

Cast

A

a restoration is being constructed on the replica

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22
Q

study model or diagnostic cast

A

replica is used to study the size and position

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23
Q

luting

A

gluing two things together

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24
Q

luting agents

A

dental cements

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25
Q

dental cements

A

holds the crown onto a prepped tooth and fills the microscopic gaps between the tooth and the crown. Cements must flow like a liquid so the crown will fit. Cement is strong and insoluble in oral fluids.

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26
Q

base

A

implies a degree of strength and thermal insulation. It has greater bulk which serves to restore part of the missing tooth and provide thermal insulation.

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27
Q

liner

A

a relatively thin layer of material painted on to protect the underlying dentin from chemical irritation.

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28
Q

temporary materials

A

temporary crowns and restorations

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29
Q

preventative materials

A

pit and fissure sealants, mouthguards, fluoride trays

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30
Q

direct restorative materials

A

placed in the cavity preparation that was drilled by the dentist.

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31
Q

indirect restorative materials

A

fabricated outside of the mouth. They are made on a replica of the patient’s oral tissues.

32
Q

gases

A

atomic bonds between gas molecules are very weak

33
Q

liquids

A

strong attraction between molecules but not strong enough to carry a load or maintain shape without support

34
Q

solids

A

crystalline solids have a consistent spatial relationship of atoms or molecules repeated hundreds to thousand to millions of time = long-range order

35
Q

amorphous solids

A

have strong atomic bonds present in crystalline materials but have a short-range order. Glass in a window or dental mirror is an amorphous solid.

36
Q

metals

A

Gold, ductile- bent easily without breaking and retains strength)

37
Q

ceramics

A

Dishes, glass, ceramic materials (crowns) are strong when compressed – the atoms are forced together. However, they can be weak and brittle if pulled or bent)

38
Q

polymers

A

Plastics, weak; resins, hard
Moldable polymers – bleaching or fluoride trays

39
Q

composites

A

Made up of two or more different materials. (Fiberglass)

40
Q

enamel

A

Composite of apatite, (a ceramic material and a protein (a polymer)

41
Q

Thermal conductivity

A

Rate of heat flow through a material
Measured as heat flow over time

42
Q

Thermal conductivity depends on

A

Distance heat travels
Area in which heat travels
Temperature difference between source and destination

43
Q

pulpal sensitivity is likely if

A

conductive materials (metals) placed close to the pulp. If caries are deep and a metal restoration is used, an insulating base is placed beneath the metal filling to insulate the pulp from hot and cold stimuli.

44
Q

heat of fusion

A

amount of energy required to melt a material

45
Q

Coefficient of thermal expansion

A

Measure of the change in volume in relation to the change in temperature

46
Q

percolation

A

Opening and closing of the gap between tooth structure and a restoration due to differences in coefficients of thermal expansion

47
Q

electric conductivity

A

-Good electrical conductors
Metals
-Poor electrical conductors (insulators)
Polymers
Ceramics

48
Q

galvanic shock

A

electricity flowing through a metal object (fork) to the amalgam and through the pulp

49
Q

viscosity

A

ability of a material to flow, temperature dependent

50
Q

High viscosity

A

high-contact angle- poor wetting

51
Q

low viscosity

A

low contact angle- good wetting

52
Q

wetting

A

a surface with an adhesive material like a sealant, brings the material into intimate association with the surface so that the chemical and micromechanical bonding can occur.

53
Q

radiolucent

A

some ceramic materials, denture acrylic resin

54
Q

radiopaque

A

metal restorations

55
Q

hardness

A

a property that is measured by scientific instruments that press a special tip into the surface of the test material

56
Q

abrasion resistance

A

resistance of dental restorations to food, opposing teeth, and other dental materials

57
Q

solubility

A

ability to dissolve in water

58
Q

water sorption

A

materials that absorb water

59
Q

strain

A

is the change in length divided by the original length

60
Q

stress

A

the load or the force divided by the cross sectional area of the object

61
Q

compression

A

is pushing or crushing stress

62
Q

tension

A

a pulling stress

63
Q

shear

A

slip stress occurs when parts of an object slide by one another

64
Q

torsion

A

stress is a twisting force

65
Q

bending

A

common stress and is actually a combination of several types of stresses

66
Q

creep

A

small movement of amalgam overtime caused by the compression, temperature, and more

67
Q

stress relaxation

A

slow decrease in force overtime causing a change in shape

68
Q

stress concentration

A

stress increase around defects

69
Q

IRM

A

intermediate restorative material

70
Q

uses for IRM

A

Cement a temporary crown while permanent one is being made
Create insulating base under permanent restorations
Provide sedative or obtundent (soothing agent) filling for sensitive teeth
It is used as an Insulating base! Protect the pulp from thermal trauma

71
Q

Zinc Oxide-eugenol

A

organic liquid that is weak acid, component of oil of clove, phenol derivative and is antibacterial and obtudent (reduces irritation) to the pulp

72
Q

zinc Phosphate cement

A

zinc oxide powder mixed with phosphoric acid
-consistency is determined by use luting or base
-luting- mix will be string like 1inch between spatula and slab
-base- thick putty like consistency
**cooled glass slab incremental mixing EXOTHERMIC

73
Q

Glass ionomer 3 forms

A

powder and liquid, premeasured capsule, paste

74
Q

glass ionomer use

A

most widely used, least soluble, used as luting, base, liner, core build up
FL releasing
bonds to teeth

75
Q

Polycarboxylate (Durelon)

A

consistency determines use luting or base
-not very strong

76
Q

Calcium hydroxide (Dycal)

A

secondary or reparative dentin
- Paste/paste system
-liner and base- used when micro pulp exposure is expected, direct pulp cap
-Setting reaction of calcium hydroxide is accelerated by water, moisture in dentin is sufficient to cause material to set in seconds of application

77
Q

Temporary cement (Rely-X)

A

-Two paste system
-temp indirect (lab made)
-restorations- inlays, onlays, crowns, bridges

Dental materials (1 decks)

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