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Fundaments Of Nursing > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Standard of professional nursing practice

A

ADOPIE
A:assessment
D:diagnoses
O: outcome identification
P:planning
I: implementation
E: evaluation

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2
Q

Standard of professional performance

A

-ethics
-cultural congruent care
-communication
-collaboration
-leadership
-education
-evidence-based practice & research

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3
Q

Professional responsibilities and roles

A

-autonomy & accountability
-care giver
-advocate
-educator
-communicator
-manager

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4
Q

What did Florence Nightingale do ?

A

-opened up the first nursing school
-first nursing theorist

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5
Q

Contemporary influences ?

A

-importance of nurses self care lacking this causes: compassion fatigue meaning state of burnout and secondary traumatic stress
-healthcare reform and cost :how healthcare is paid and delivered
-demographic changes
-medically underserved: anything that can cause you you to have less access to healthcare which can effect decision making regarding care

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6
Q

Traditional levels of healthcare and an example for each

A

-preventative care : immunizations/ vaccine (things done to prevent illness)
-primary care: primary doctor
-secondary care: once care is already needed ex:emergency room
-tertiary care: ICU
-restorative care:home care
-continuing care: when you still need care but not enough to be in nursing home ex: nursing home

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7
Q

Types of restorative care

A

Home care (nurse helping you at ur home)
Rehabilitation (rehab center)
Extended care facilities (facility for injuries requiring more skilled nurses)

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8
Q

Types of continuing care

A

-Nursing centers or facilities (nursing home)
-Assisted living (expensive homes for elder who need less care)
-Respite care (time-off)
-Adult day care
-Palliative and hospice care (palliative meaning goal of improving hospice no improvement)

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9
Q

Community-based health care focuses on?

A

Health promotion and disease prevention (essential for the holistic practice and professional nursing)

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10
Q

The social determinants of health

A

-Biological
-Behavioral
-Social factors
-Psychosocial
-Socioeconomics

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11
Q

Health disparities

A

Results from poverty,environmental threats, inadequate access to healthcare, individual & behavioral factors , and educational inequities

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12
Q

Nursing foundation

A

Theory is the foundation. Theory, research and practice are bond together.

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13
Q

Theory helps explain an event by:

A

-defining ideas or concepts
-explaining relationships among the concept
-predicting outcomes

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14
Q

Nursing theory

A

Helps to identify the focus, means and goals of practice

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15
Q

Nursing metaparadigm definition and 4 things it consist of

A

Allows nurses to understand and explain what nursing is, what nursing does and why nurses do what they do
-person (recipient of nursing care)
-health (state of being that people define in relation to their own values, personal and lifestyle)
-environment (all possible conditions effecting patient)
-nursing (the care of all individuals)

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16
Q

Goal of theory-based nursing practice

A

To explain the practice of nursing as different and distinct from the practice of medicine, psychology and other healthcare disciplines

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17
Q

What does PICOT stands for? What is it used for ?

A

Used to ask patient questions
-population
-intervention/illness
-compassion
-outcome
-time

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18
Q

What is the sequence of a research project

A

-identify clinical problem
-develop research questions
-determine how study will be concluded
-conduct the study
-analyze the results

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19
Q

Describe a sentinel event, root cause analysis (RCA), and “just” culture

A

Sentinel event:something sudden/unexpected that can result in death or serious physical/psychological injury.
Root cause analysis (RCA):hospital analyzes exactly what happened.
“Just”culture :when the hospital values the reporting error and is focused on what led to the error.

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20
Q

Definition of active & latent error:

A

Active error : threats of personal (someone’s fault and they took accountability)
Latent error:organization or steps of process

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21
Q

What are models of health & illness

A

Models that help explain complex concept or ideas , such as health & illness

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22
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs Is used to ?

A

Used to understand the interrelationship’s of basic human needs

⭐️Least important
-self actualization
⬇️
-self esteem
⬇️
-love and belonging needs
⬇️
-physical safety/psychological safety
⬇️
-oxygen/fluid/nutrition/body tempt./elimination/shelter
⭐️Most important

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23
Q

Holistic Health Model defines ?

A

Attempt to create conditions that promote optimal health
-emotional
-spiritual
-cultural
-social
-physical

24
Q

Define Influence health, internal vs. external variables

A

Internal variables: things you don’t have control over
-development stage (age)
-intellectual background (intelligence)
-perception of functioning(how well can pt. function)
-emotional factors (the way pt. feels)
-spiritual factors (thinking your being punished by god)
External variable:the works around the patient
-family role and practices
-social determinants of health

25
Q

Define 3 levels of prevention

A

⭐️Primary prevention :prevent illness
-health promotion / health edu.
-specific protections (ex:immunization)
-personal hygiene
⭐️Secondary prevention: already diagnosed, now your preventing it to get worse
⭐️Tertiary:permanent illness
-restoration/rehab and getting assistance

26
Q

Risk factors: non-modifiable vs. modifiable

A

Non-modifiable : cannot be changed
-age -gender -genetics -family history
Modifiable : can be changed
-lifestyle prevention ; diet & smoking
-behaviors (external factors & people )

27
Q

Define Modification & change health

A

Pre-contemplation: no intent
Contemplation: considering
Preparation: making small changes (ex: smoking 3 cigarettes a day instead of 6)
Action:actively engaging in strategies to make change up to 6 months
Maintenance: sub stained change after 6 months

28
Q

Acute vs. chronic

A

Acute: short-term illness , less than 6 months
Chronic: long-term illness, more than 6 months

29
Q

Define Model components

A

-Competence:ability to complete nursing skill
-Specific knowledge base:CE course, college degree ,education expertise
-Experience:clinical decision making
-Nursing process competence: apply critical thinking in every step of ADOPIE
-Managing stress :nothing an outlet can cause poor work, productivity …etc
-Reduce ability to cope with clinical situations
-Critical thinking synthesis : nursing process

30
Q

Types of nursing diagnosis and definition

A

Nursing diagnosis: treating with response to health
Collaborative problem : two or more people / specialties working together

31
Q

Types of nursing diagnostic statements

A

Problem focused : acute pain , urinary retention
Risk diagnostic : risk for falls, unstable BP
Health promotion : readiness for enhanced relationship

32
Q

Data cluster definition

A

Set of assessment that clustered together & shortly summarized with only important information

33
Q

Errors occur during ?

A

-data collection
-clustering
-analysis & interpretation of data
-diagnostic statement

34
Q

What are the models of prioritizing ?

A

-High: abc, safety , pain
-Intermediate: not life-threatening
-Low: effect on pt in long run

35
Q

Define ABC

A

-Airway
-Breathing
-Circulation

36
Q

Define short & long term goals

A

Short term goals : less than a week
Long term goals : several days, weeks, months

37
Q

Define SMART and what it’s used for

A

Used to communicate goals with patient (plan of care)
S: specific
M:measurement
A:attainable
R:realistic
T:time

38
Q

Define selection of intervention

A
  • Desired outcomes
  • Characteristics of diagnosis
  • Research base knowledge
  • Feasibility
  • Acceptability
  • Your own competency
39
Q

2 types of interventions

A

-nurse initiated (administered)
-health care provider initiated (ordered)

40
Q

2 types of interventions

A

Direct : insulin, pt, iv …. etc
Indirect : isolation, precaution

41
Q

Define standing orders

A
  • helps practice autonomy
  • can be carried by RN without calling doctor
42
Q

Preparing for implantation requires?

A

-time
-equipment
-personnel
-environment
-patient

43
Q

How to preventing complications

A

-Identify risk
-Adapt Interventions
-Evaluate the benefit or treatment vs. risk
-Initiate the risk-prevention

44
Q

Patient adherence means ?

A

This means pt and family are being compliant with required treatment

45
Q

Define the 3 intervention skills

A

-Cognitive: involves your mind and knowledge
-Interpersonal: relationships
-Psychomotor skills: most of what we do (any motor function)

46
Q

Define ADL

A

Activities of daily living including
-eating -personal care -toileting - bathing -mobility

47
Q

Define IADL

A

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
-taking meds -shopping -cooking -caring for pets
-ordering food

48
Q

Define an adverse reaction

A

No anticipation / unintended effect / reaction
(Ex: allergic reaction )

49
Q

Define Evaluative measures

A

Seeing if interventions worked , did pt improve ? This requires
- observation
-physiological measures
-measurement scale
-pain scale
-patient interview

50
Q

Evaluating behaviors means ?

A

Seeing if the pt was compliant
Ex: taking meds correctly or following diet plan

51
Q

Self-reflection means ?

A

Ability to recognize how a pt us responding & then adjusts interventions as a result
-taking accountability of any errors

52
Q

Define 2 ways of Revising the Care Plan

A

-Discontinuing a care plan : only if pt met goals & out comes for the care plan
-Modifying the care plan : redefining diagnosis , revising goals & expected outcomes

53
Q

There are 11 preventable adverse outcomes , which 4 are the most important

A

-severe pressure issues
-falls & trauma
-catheter-associates infection
-vascular catheter-associated

54
Q

Meaning of PQRSTU

A

P: provocative/palliative
Q:quantity/quality
R:region/radiation
S:scale of pain
T:time / onset
U:understanding the patient

55
Q

Define the 4 C’s of communication

A

-courtesy
-connection
-comfort
-confirmation

Fundaments Of Nursing (1 decks)

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