Exam 1 Flashcards
Infection
Results when a pathogen invades
tissues and begins growing within
a host
Colonization
Presence and growth of microorganisms within a host
Factors influencing infection, prevention and control
Age, sex, nutritional status, stress, disease process
Health promotion for an infection
Nutrition, hygiene, immunization, adequate rest, regular exercise.
Acute care for an infection
Eliminate the infectious organism, support the patient’s defenses
Medical asepsis
Controls/eliminates infections agents.
Cleaning, disinfection, sterilization.
Protects susceptible host and eliminates reservoirs of infection.
Controls portal of exit/entry.
Contact precautions
Private room, gown before entering room, gloves, mask if in contact with body fluid or respiratory sprays/secretions
Droplet precautions
Private room, gown and gloves with body fluid, mask
Airborne Precautions
Private negative pressure airflow room, gloves if contact with body fluid, N-95, gown if contact with body fluid
Chain of infection
Host —> infectious agent —> reservoir —> portal of exit
—> mode of transmission —> portal of entry
Continuously doing this cycle
WHO’s 5 moments for hand hygiene
- Before touching a patient
- Before cleaning/aseptic procedure
- After body fluid exposure risk
- After touching a patient
- After touching patient surroundings
Surgical Asepsis
Patient preparation for a sterile procedure, Principles of surgical asepsis, Performing sterile procedures, Donning and removing caps,
masks, and eyewear, Opening sterile packages, Opening a sterile item on a flat surface, Opening a sterile item while
holding it, Preparing a sterile field, Pouring sterile solutions, Surgical scrub, Applying sterile gloves, Donning a sterile gown
Too little intake
Dehydration
Too little output
Excessive fluid volume
Retention sodium that leads to retention of water.
Long term conditions: renal impairment, liver disease, heart failure.
Symptoms: dyspnea, fatigue, pitting edema
more output than input
Dehydration
