EXAM 1 Flashcards
magnification
results when a beam of light refracts as it passes through a lense
total magnification
ocular x objective
light microscope
uses light as its source of illumination
electron microscope
uses a beam of electrons instead of light
working distance
the distance between the objective lens and the specimen
resolution
the closest space between two points at which the points can still be seen as separate entities
The maximum resolution in a compound light microscope is
.2 micrometers
_____ wavelengths are capable of resolving details to a greater degree than ____ wavelengths
Shorter, longer
_____ light has the shortest useable wavelength and offers the greatest resolution
Blue
Numerical aperture
measure of its ability to gather light
What does immersion oil do?
Forms a continuous lens system and reduces light diffraction and keeps light from scattering
____ are the most widely distributed organisms in the biosphere
Bacteria
colony
A visible mass of cells usually resulting from the division of a single cell
Saprophytes
organisms that obtain their nutritional needs from degrading organic materials in the environment
Molds
Fungi that form colonies composed of microscopic, rounded, intertwining filaments called hyphae
Hyphae cover the surface of a substrate to form a branching, filamentous called a
mycelium
Yeast
fungi that do not form hyphae
How do yeasts reproduce
Budding
What does Trichophyton cause
Athletes foot and ringworm
Sporothrix
causes sporotrichosis
Madurella
infects feet to cause edema and swelling in mycetoma
Blastomyces
North American blastomyces
Progressive infections by _____ can involve liver, spleen, lymph nodes
Histoplasma
What is thrush caused by
Candida albicans
What bacteria causes vaginal yeast infections?
Candida
Cancer causing aflatoxins are produced by fungi growing in ____-
infected peanuts and grains
What organism infects grain to produce ergot alkaloids that can cause hallucinations and death?
Claviceps
What produces roquefort and blue cheese
The growth of Penicillum
The mushroom ___ is poisionus
Amanita
______ are close symbiotic associations between fungi and plant roots
Mycorrhizae
Symbiotic relationship with algae and cyanobacteria
lichens
Lichens indicate what
Pollution such as acid rain
Asexual spores
produced by mitotic division and differentiation of specialized hyphae that extend above the colony
Sporangiospores
form within a thick walled sac called sporangium
Conidia
non motile asexual spores that form on specialized hyphae called condiospores
Phialospores
spores produced on a vase or flask like cell called phialide
Where are philaspores found
Penicillium & Gilocladium
Blastoconidia
occur by budding in yeast cells
____ _and _____ produce blastoconidia
Cladosporium and Candida
Arthrospores
Occur in geotrichum and galactomyces
Chlamydospores
asexual and thicked walled spores that are round and irregular
Chytridiomycetes
aquatic; produce zoospores
