Exam 1

Question 1

______ is the organelle found in muscle cells responsible for storing and releasing calcium ions

Answer 1

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 2

Which of the following is not an effect of hypoxia?

Answer 2

Increase in cellular pH

Question 3

Pathological oxidative stress occurs when the reactive oxygen species levels exceed the body/s ability to neutralize the oxidative stress.

True/False

Answer 3

True

Question 4

_____ is the term used to describe cellular death in an organ or tissue in action causes the affected to become swollen and black

Answer 4

wet gangrene

Question 5

pathological and/or physiological hypertrophy can be which of the following conditions

Answer 5

Increased resistance
Increased metabolic demands
Obstruction in a hollow organ
Compensation for non-functioning cells

Question 6

_____ is a form of cellular adaptation in which the cell number increases. Select all that apply.
Atrophy
Hypertrophy
Metaplasia
Dysplasia
Hyperplasia

Answer 6

Metaplasia
Dysplasia
Hyperplasia

Question 7

A positive feedback system is designed to return the system back to a homeostatic range.
True
False

Answer 7

False

Question 8

Select the statements that are correct regarding the cell membrane

Answer 8

The cell membrane is composed of a double layer of polar heads and nonpolar tails that give an amphipathic characteristic.

Transmembrane proteins such as ion channels and receptors, are required for cellular communications with the external environment.

Question 9

Which of the following statements would describe the ability of snake venom to act in acetylcholine receptors? select all that apply.

Answer 9

Snake venom is an antagonistic neurotoxin blocking the action of the nACHr at the postsynaptic membrane to the inward flow of Na+ ions

Snake venom has a higher binding affinity to the nACHr than acetylcholine.

Question 10

_____ are involved in the detection of neurotransmitters and peptide hormones used in synaptic signaling on electrically excitable cells by forming a “water tunnel’ allowing passage of specific molecules.

Answer 10

Ion channel linked receptors

Question 11

_____ is the rate of new cases arising in a population at risk during a specified
time

Answer 11

Incidence

Question 12

_________ is defined as the descriptors of the evolution of the disease.

Answer 12

Clinical Course

Question 13

Extrinsic apoptosis requires the formation of a death domain on the cytoplasmic tail of a receptor to activate a caspase cascade.

True/False

Answer 13

True

Question 14

____ is defined as a condition in which the physiological variable is not changing and no input of energy is required.

Answer 14

Equilibirum

Question 15

Which of the following statements is correct regarding pathological intracellular accumulations? Select all that apply.

Answer 15

Abnormal endogenous products can accumulate inside the cell as a result of genetic disorders.

Environmental agents, such as lead, can build up inside the cell as a result of contaminated paint chip consumption.

Dystrophic calcification will occur as a result of extracellular crystalization of the ECM

Hypercalcemia and hyperparathyriodism will cause intracellular calcification of tissues.

Question 16

Which of the following would be considered components of the extracellular fluid compartment?

Answer 16

Plasma
Interstitial fluid

Question 17

The presence of compartments is a central theme in physiology. Choose any of the following statements that accurately define compartmentation.

Answer 17

Body compartments allow the separation of fluids within the body.

Compartmentation allows cells to regulate what information is exchanged with the environment.

Compartmentation can occur as macro structures such as body cavities

The pericardial membrane is considered a form of compartmentation.

Question 18

____ designations to the nature of a health problem using physical examinations,
laboratory tests, and imaging.

Answer 18

diagnosis