Exam 1

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

Compensatory action to keep things in the body stable

Question 2

Allostasis

Question 3

Explain the parts of a neuron

What does a dendrite do?

Answer 3

Receive signals from next door neurons (radio antenna)

Question 4

Explain the parts of a neuron

What does an axon do?

Answer 4

Transmits a signal over distance (telephone wire)

Question 5

What does an axon terminal do?

Answer 5

transmits signals to other neuron dendrites or tissues (radio transmitter)

Question 6

What does the myelin sheath do?

Answer 6

Speeds up signal transmission along the axon.

Question 7

What are glial cells?

Answer 7

Secondary cells that support neurons.

Question 8

How are neurons connected?

Answer 8

They never touch, but are connected through synapses.

Question 9

What are neurotransmitters?

Answer 9

The body’s chemical messengers. Molecules used by the nervous system to transmit messages throughout the body.

Question 10

What are the two types of neurotransmitters?

Answer 10

Excitatory and inhibitory

Question 11

What is an agonist?

Answer 11

An agonist drug increases the uptake of neurotransmitters.

Question 12

What is an antagonist?

Answer 12

An antagonist decreases the uptake of neurotransmitter molecules.

Question 13

What are endocrine glands?

Answer 13

Glands that secrete hormones which carry messages to certain organs or tissues in the body.

Question 14

Drug abuse

Answer 14

Use of a drug in a pattern and ways that are harmful to a person or others

Question 15

Drug misuse

Answer 15

A better term for abuse. Using a legal or prescribed medication in a way that it’s not meant.

Question 16

Addiction

Answer 16

When you have an irresistible urge to use a drug even though there are harmful consequences

Question 17

Dependence

Answer 17

When the body adpats to a drug. You can be dependent on a drug, but not openly addicted to it.

Question 18

Tolerance

Answer 18

When a person’s body or brain doesn’t repsond to a drug in the same way it once did. This means you need more of the drug to get the same effect.

Question 19

Potency vs. Toxicity

Answer 19

Potency is the amount of a drug needed to cause an effect either desired or unintended.
Toxicity is the ability of a drug to do harm to the body.

Question 20

Withdrawal

Answer 20

Negative physical effects from stopping drug use

Question 21

Dose-response relationship

Answer 21

Correlation between the amount of a drug taken and its effects. Different individuals will have different levels of tolerance.

Question 22

Additivity

Answer 22

A combo of two drugs is the sum of each

Question 23

Antagonism

Answer 23

One drug reduces the effect of another

Question 24

Potentiation

Answer 24

One drug causing another to have a greater effect than if taken by itself.

Question 25

Synergism

Answer 25

One drug causing a dramatic increase in the effect of another