EXAM 1 Flashcards
a substance that can donate a proton to another substance
ACID
a solvent that can both accept and donate protons, behaving as both a Bronsted-Lowry acid and base.
amphiprotic
a state in a chemical reaction where the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time, as the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction
chemical equilibrium
the initial process in a phase transition, such as the formation of a new phase ( eg. solid crystals from a solution ) around a nucleus, which can be a tiny amount of the new phase or an impurity.
nucleation
the residual liquid phase left after the crystallization, which contains impurities and any remaining solute
mother liquor
The process of destabilizing colloidal particles to aggregate and form larger particles, often achieved by adding a coagulating agent or altering the pH
flocculation
The process of converting a coagulated colloid into a stable colloidal solution by adding an electrolyte or peptizing agent
peptization
Mistakes or inaccuracies in measurements or observations caused by human error, such as misreading instruments or incorrect data recording.
observational errors
A subset of the population selected for study to draw conclusions or make estimates about the whole population.
sample
A statistical measurement describing the spread of numbers in a data set, calculated as the average of squared differences from the Mean.
variance
Fluctuations around the true value due to inherent variability in the measurement process, unpredictable and occurring in both directions.
random errors
A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values, calculated as the square root of variance.
standard deviation
When an acid gives a proton, it becomes a potential proton acceptor.
conjugate base
Substances that, when dissolved in water, dissociate into ions, and can conduct electricity.
electrolytes
A type of gravimetric method of analysis to which the analyte is converted to a sparingly soluble precipitate which can be washed, filtered, dried/ignited, and weighed.
precipitation gravimetry
