Exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the global perspective of animal science?
A
How humans treat animals overall. Overall animal welfare and proper handling techniques of food animals in our food production capacity.
2
Q
What is the economic impact of the animal science industry?
A
It impacts us in the way we produce and process animals for large consumption. It is a booming industry that has grown profit margins more efficiently than in the past.
3
Q
Cattle (Bovine) Intact Male
A
Bull
4
Q
Cattle (Bovine) Castrated Male
A
Steer
5
Q
Cattle (Bovine) Mature Female
A
Cow
6
Q
Cattle (Bovine) Newborn
A
Calf
7
Q
Cattle (Bovine) Development Stage
A
Heifer/Bull
8
Q
Cattle (Bovine) Parturition
A
Calving
9
Q
Cattle (Bovine) Group of Animals
A
Herd
10
Q
Horses (Equine) Intact Male
A
Stallion
11
Q
Horses (Equine) Castrated Male
A
Gelding
12
Q
Horses (Equine) Mature Female
A
Mare
13
Q
Horses (Equine) Newborn
A
Foal
14
Q
Horses (Equine) Development Stage
A
Filly/Colt
15
Q
Horses (Equine) Pasturition
A
Foaling
16
Q
Horses (Equine) Group of Animals
A
Herd
17
Q
Pigs (Swine) Intact Male
A
Boar
18
Q
Pigs (Swine) Castrated Male
A
Barrow
19
Q
Pigs (Swine) Mature Female
A
Sow
20
Q
Pigs (Swine) Newborn
A
Piglet
21
Q
Pigs (Swine) Development Stage
A
Gilt/Boar
22
Q
Pig (Swine) Parturition
A
Farrowing
23
Q
Pig (Swine) Group of Animals
A
Drove
24
Q
Sheep (Ovine) Intact Male
A
Ram
25
Sheep (Ovine) Castrated Male
Wether
26
Sheep (Ovine) Mature Female
Ewes
27
Sheep (Ovine) Newborn
Lamb
28
Sheep (Ovine) Development Stage
Ram Lamb/Ewe Lamb
29
Sheep (Ovine) Parturtion
Lambing
30
Sheep (Ovine) Group of Animals
Flock
31
Goats (Caprine) Intact Male
Buck (Billy)
32
Goats (Caprine) Castrated Male
Wether
33
Goats (Caprine) Mature Female
Doe (Nanny)
34
Goats (Caprine) Newborn
Kid
35
Goats (Caprine) Developmental Stage
Buckling/Doeling
36
Goats (Caprine) Parturition
Kidding
37
Goats (Caprine) Group of Animals
Mob
38
Chickens (Poultry) Intact Male
Rooster
39
Chickens (Poultry) Castrated Male
Capon
40
Chickens (Poultry) Mature Female
Hen
41
Chickens (Poultry) Newborn
Chick
42
Chickens (Poultry) Developmental Stage
Broiler/Pullet
43
Chickens (Poultry) Parturition
Laying
44
Chickens (Poultry) Groups of Animals
Flock
45
Anatomy
Bodily structure of an organism
46
Physiology
The way in which a living organism or bodily part functions.
47
Levels of Organization
Cell -> Tissue->Organs->Physiological Systems->Animal
48
Skeletal System
Bones, Joints, Cartilage. Functions: Structural Support, Movement
49
Cardiovascular System
Heart, Viens, Arteries. Functions: Regulation of temperature, transportation of nutrients.
50
Respiratory System
Nasal Cavity, Trachea, Lungs. Functions: Oxygenation of blood, Regulation of PH
51
Digestive System
Esophagus, Stomach, Small/Large Intestines, Rectum. Functions: Indigestion, Mastication, Absorption, Digestion, Elimination.
52
Urinary System
Kidney, Bladder. Functions: Removal of waste from blood, Hormonal function, water balace.
53
Reproductive System
Gonads. Functions: Hormonal Control, Propagation of Species.
54
Integumentary System
Skin, Hair, Nails, Nerves. Functions: Barrier to outside world, Receptor for touch, pain, pressure, regulate temperature.
55
Muscular System
Skeletal Muscle, Smooth Muscle, Cardiac Muscle. Functions: Movement, Posture, Heat Production.
56
Endocrine System
Hypothalamus, pineal glands, Thyroid, Ovaries, Uterus, Testes, Pancreas. Functions: Release of hormones for target tissue response.
57
Nervous System
Brain, Spinal Cord, Ganglia. Functions: Sends signals to cells within body, Control of the body.
58
Sensory System
Stimulus, Receptors. Functions: Vision, Auditory, Somatic, Vestibular.
59
Growth
Increase in size or mass of an organism over time.
60
Development
Changes in the organisms structure, function, and abilities.
61
3 Phases of Prenatal Development
Germinal Stage - first two weeks after conception. Embryonic Stage - Organs and Systems Form. Fetal Stage - maturation of tissues and organs and rapid growth of body.
62
Three Germ Layers
Endoderm - Digestive System, Ectoderm - Nervous System and Epidermis, Mesoderm - Muscle Cells and Connective Tissue.
63
Hyperplasia
Increase in cell numbers
64
Hypertrophy
Increase in cell size
65
Stages of Development
Prenatal->Suckling->Growing->Young->Adult->Aged
66
Growth Curves
Depicts maturity levels. Age vs. Body Weight. Growth dependent on frame size.
67
How can you use teeth to determine age?
Milk teeth vs Permanent, Incisor Development, Degree of Wear.
68
What are the 6 essential nutrients?
Water, Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, Minerals, Vitamins.
69
Water
Oxygen-Hydrogen. Metabolic Reactions, Body Temp Regulation, Physical Shape of Body.
70
Carbohydrate
Carbon-Hydrogen-Oxygen. Source of energy, heat. Stored in Animals.
71
Fats (Lipids)
Carbon-Hydrogen-Oxygen. Dietary Energy Supply, Source of heat and insulation, Carrier for absorption.
72
Proteins
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen. Body Metabolism, Structural Unity of Body.
73
Essential Amino Acid
Lysine
74
Non Essential Amino Acid
Cystine
75
Minerals
Skeletal formation, function of protein synthesis, Oxygen Transporation, Fluid Balance.
76
Macro
Required in large amounts
77
Micro
Required in small amounts
78
Fat Soulable Vitamins
A, D, E, K
79
Water Soulable Vitamins
C, B, Folic Acid, Niacin
80
Feed Energy - Dry Roughages, Forages
Haw, Straw, Fodder, Feeds with 18% Fiber
81
Feed Energy - Energy Feeds
Cereal Grains, Nuts, Fruits,
82
Monogastric Digestive System
Consists of a single stomach chamber.
83
Ruminant Digestive System
Multi Chambered stomach and regurgitation of food.
84
Avian Digestive System
Specialized and efficient process that allows birds to extract maximum nutrition from food.
85
GIT Process
Prehension->Mastication (Salivary Glands)->Deglutition->Regurgitation->Digestion->Absorption->Excretion
86
Esophagus
Transportation
87
Reticulum
Regurgitation,
88
Rumen
Fermentation, Mechanical Breakdown, VFAs
89
Omasum
Reduce particle size, absorption.
90
Abomasum
Chemical, and enzymatic breakdown.
91
Small Intestines
Enzymatic digestion, nutrient absorption.
