Exam 1

Question 1

Effects of Manual Therapy

Answer 1

Biomechanical
Neurophysiological
Psychological

Question 2

Traction Benefits

Answer 2

Fluid Exchange & Nutrient Transport
Increases intervertebral foramina space

Question 3

When to use intermittent traction vs sustained traction

Question 4

Cervical Traction Cluster for cervical radiculopathy

Answer 4

(+) spurling’s test
(+) distraction test
< 60 deg of rotation to involved side
(+) ULNTT A - median nerve bias

*3/4 present

Question 5

Production of Ultrasound

Answer 5

alternating current passed through a crystal causing vibrations which produce high-frequency sound waves

Question 6

What type of connective tissue absorbs Ultrasound energy best?

Answer 6

More dense connective tissue (ligaments, tendons)

Question 7

The higher the duty cycle the ______ the thermal effects. The higher the output intensity, the ______ the magnitude of the effects

Answer 7

greater; greater

Question 8

Thermal effects vs non-thermal effects of ultrasound

Answer 8

nonthermal = changes in tissues from mechanical effect

thermal = changes in tissues from elevation of tissue temperature

Question 9

Thermal Effects of Ultrasound

Answer 9

4 deg = increase collagen elasticity & extensibility
2-3 deg = decrease pain/spasms, increase bloodflow, & reduces inflammation
1 deg = increase metabolism

Question 10

Ultrasound Heating Rate per minute 1 MHz

Answer 10

Nonthermal = 0.04
Mild thermal = 0.2
Moderate thermal = 0.3
Vigorous = 0.4

Question 11

Ultrasound Heating Rate per minute 3MHz

Answer 11

Nonthermal = 0.3
Mild thermal = 0.6
Moderate thermal = 0.9
Vigorous = 1.4

Question 12

When to use Ultrasound

Answer 12

-pain control
-increase collagen extensibility
-tissue healing
-bone healing

Question 13

Contraindications to Ultrasound

Answer 13

malignancy
pregnancy
Implants (plastic, metal, pacemaker)
stress fracture site

Question 14

Thermotherapy

Answer 14

to provide therapeutic effect, tissue temp should be elevated to 104 deg F - 113 deg F

Question 15

Connective Tissue Effects of Heat

Answer 15

increased elasticity
decreased viscosity
decreased joint stiffness
increased muscle flexibility

Question 16

Contraindications to Thermotherapy (Heat)

Answer 16

acute injury (swelling)
peripheral vascular disease
malignancy
sensory impairment/sensation loss

Question 17

Cryotherapy does the opposite of heat, so what does it do?

Answer 17

removes energy
-decreases cell metabolism
-decreases blood flow
-decreases oxygen consumption
-decreases cell waste
-increases viscosity

Question 18

Goals of Cryotherapy

Answer 18

-limit of edema formation
-reduce pain
-facilitate muscle relaxation
- limit secondary hypoxic tissue injury

Question 19

Contraindications of Cryotherapy

Answer 19

-rheumatoid conditions
-cold intolerance
-anesthetized skin
-circulatory insufficiency

Question 20

Conduction Principle of Heat Transfer

Question 21

Convection Principle of Heat Transfer

Question 22

Evaporation Principle of Heat Transfer

Question 23

Radiation Principle of Heat Transfer

Question 24

Conversion