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Psych 100 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

when you are able to live on your own and not have to rely on other people to meet your needs

A

Adulthood (in terms of psychology)

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2
Q

Scientific study of thought and behavior

A

Psychology

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3
Q

consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that claim to be both scientific and factual but are incompatible with the scientific method.

A

Pseudoscience

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4
Q

Assess and treat mental, emotional and behavioral disorders. Diagnosable such as OCD

A

Clinical Psychology

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5
Q

career help, relationship help, etc

A

Counseling

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6
Q

language

A

Cognitive/psycholinguistics

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7
Q

changes in humans over lifespan (aging) Physical and cognitive changes, social development

A

Developmental Psychology

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8
Q

sensation and perception

A

Experimental Psychology

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9
Q

Analyze, Evaluate, Make inferences, Interpret, Explain, Self-Regulate

A

Steps in Critical Thinking

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10
Q

ability to think first and then reflect on that thinking

A

Metacognitive thinking

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11
Q

to explain human behavior (see slide) Combination of biological factors, social & environmental factors, and psychological factors

A

Biopsychosocial model

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12
Q

using logic and reasoning to understand the world

A

Rationalism

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13
Q

the strength and direction of the relationship between two continuous variables

A

Correlational Studies

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14
Q

An experiment is the only kind of research design that allows you to make causal claims. You can say “x causes y” unlike a correlation study.

A

Experimental Studies

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15
Q

a segment of DNA that codes for protein synthesis

A

Gene

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16
Q

All the genetic information in DNA

A

Genome

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17
Q

entire genetic makeup of an organism

A

Genotype

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18
Q

organism’s observed characteristics

A

Phenotype

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19
Q

one gene controlling it

A

Monogenetic traits

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20
Q

multiple genes controlling it

A

Polygenetic traits

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21
Q

different forms of a gene

A

Alleles

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22
Q

how much of a certain characteristic can be explained by biological factors

A

Heritability

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23
Q

genes get turned on or turned off depending on environmental factors

A

Epigenetics

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24
Q

an individual can inherit characteristics that were not expressed in their biological parents but got passed down from their grandparents

A

Soft inheritance

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25
Q

Glial cells and neurons

A

Cells of the nervous system

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26
Q

the cells that transmit nerve impulses between parts of the nervous system

A

Neurons

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27
Q

part of the cell that contains all of the little organelles that are responsible for sustaining the life of the cell

A

Soma

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28
Q

the many branch-like extensions that come off of the cell body. Their job is to receive messages from other cells

A

Dendrites

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29
Q

(looks like a long tail) responsible for sending messages to the next cell

A

Axon

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30
Q

wrapped around the axon, and is made up of glial cells; the function is to help speed up neural communication

A

Myelin Sheath

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31
Q

electrical signal within cell. positive impulse that runs down an axon. When a neuron is at rest, net negative on the inside, and net positive on the outside. There is sodium and potassium

A

Action Potential

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32
Q

chemical messengers between cells

A

Neurotransmitters

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33
Q

attached to your sense organs (eyes, ears, skin, etc). Also known as afferent neurons; inputs

A

Sensory neurons

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34
Q

“output” neurons. They are responsible for your actions (could be voluntary or involuntary). Connected to your muscles and your glands. Also known as efferent neurons

A

Motor neurons

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35
Q

a type of motor neuron that get activated when you see someone else engaging in an action. But you yourself are not doing that action.

A

Mirror neurons

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36
Q

your processing neurons. They are responsible for integrating information from various sources.

A

Interneurons

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37
Q

brief period of time when the neuron is temporarily incapable of firing until it gets back to its resting potential; the charge is too negative to fire

A

Refractory period

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38
Q

impulse travels down the axon in a wave

A

Propagation

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39
Q

once the voltage threshold has been crossed, an action potential WILL fire

A

All-or-none principle

40
Q

Space between two neurons

A

Synapse

41
Q

it is like the cells are being broken down; this happens when they are not usable again, and enzymes break them down

A

Enzymatic degradation

42
Q

The axon that had released the neurotransmitter reabsorbs it so it can be used again; this happens when they are still usable

A

Reuptake

43
Q

they bring the cell closer to its firing threshold

A

Excitatory

44
Q

take the cell further away from its firing threshold

A

Inhibitory

45
Q

a drug that is similar enough in molecular structure to the neurotransmitter so that it can do two things; bind to the receptor site, and mimic the function of the neurotransmitter

A

Agonist (class of drug)

46
Q

they are similar enough to bind to the receptor site but not similar enough to mimic the function

A

Antagonist

47
Q

contains satellite cells, schwann cells

A

Peripheral nervous system

48
Q

contains oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells

A

Central nervous system

49
Q

bundles of axons that form “cables” and connect the CNS with muscles, glands, and sense organs.

A

Nerves

50
Q

brain and spinal cord

A

Central Nervous System

51
Q

the nerves that branch out of the brain and spinal cord.

A

Peripheral nervous systems

52
Q

controls self regulated action of internal organs and glands (peripheral nervous system)

A

Autonomic Nervous System

53
Q

controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles (peripheral nervous system)

A

Somatic nervous system

54
Q

sits at top of spinal cord, regulates heart rate, respiration/breathing, and blood pressure

A

Medulla

55
Q

integrate information from different systems, serves as a gateway to those higher brain structures

A

Pons

56
Q

“little brain” responsible for balance, coordination, and fine motor skills

A

Cerebellum

57
Q

visual and auditory processing, on top of pons, eye movements

A

Midbrain

58
Q

responsible for sleep/wake systems

A

Reticular formation

59
Q

Thalamus, Limbic system, cerebrum

A

Forebrain

60
Q

located at the very top of the hindbrain and midbrain. “Sensory switchboard”. Sensory information comes in through eyes, ears, and travels through the spinal cord to the thalamus to send sensory information to different parts of the brain to get processed “visual info goes here, auditory info goes here, etc”.

A

Thalamus

61
Q

Helpful for attention and executive control. Executive control is the ability to focus and block other stimuli out, and the ability to decide to initiate an action.

A

Cingulate Gyrus

62
Q

voluntary motor control

A

Basal ganglia

63
Q

job is to maintain homeostasis in your body, monitors your other systems such as blood pressure and temperature

A

Hypothalamus

64
Q

responsible for memory consolidation; taking memories and putting them into a permanent storage. Most active during rem sleep. The biological reason why pulling an all nighter doesn’t work

A

Hippocampus

65
Q

responsible for emotional evaluation

A

Amygdala

66
Q

Analytic

A

Left hemisphere

67
Q

Integrative, holistic

A

Right hemisphere

68
Q

band of nerve fibers in the middle of the brain connecting the left and right hemispheres together, so left and right hemispheres can communicate with each other

A

Corpus Callosum

69
Q

Vision processing

A

Occipital lobe

70
Q

Language comprehension, understanding what you are reading/hearing

A

Temporal lobe

71
Q

Sense of touch gets processed here

A

Parietal lobe

72
Q

Problem solving, Speaking and writing, Broca’s area, Judgment, Reasoning, Primary motor cortex, Voluntary motor movements

A

Frontal lobe

73
Q

Very back of the frontal lobe, output

A

Motor cortex

74
Q

Front of the parietal lobe, input

A

Sensory cortex

75
Q

the brain’s ability to adopt new functions, reorganize itself, or make new neural connections, as function of experience

A

Neuroplasticity

76
Q

awareness of one’s surroundings and what’s in one’s mind at a given moment

A

Consciousness

77
Q

degree of alertness; awake or asleep

A

Wakefulness

78
Q

monitoring information from environment and own thoughts

A

Awareness

79
Q

brainstem; involved in wakefulness and transition between wakefulness and sleep

A

Reticular activating system

80
Q

eyes open; otherwise unresponsive

A

Vegetative state

81
Q

limited capacity to process information that is under conscious control

A

Attention

82
Q

focus awareness on specific features in the environment while ignoring others

A

Selective attention

83
Q

words in unattended channel carrying personal importance are noticed

A

Cocktail Party Effect

84
Q

don’t notice potential distractors when primary task consumes all of our attentional capacity

A

Perceptual load model

85
Q

ability to maintain focus awareness on a target or idea

A

Sustained attention

86
Q

conception to 2 weeks, called a zygote

A

Germinal stage

87
Q

2 weeks to 8 weeks, major organ systems start to develop, called an embryo

A

Embryonic stage

88
Q

8 weeks to birth, formation of bone cells, growth, strengthening of organ systems

A

Fetal stage

89
Q

movement of neurons from one part of fetal brain to more permanent destination (during 3-5 months of prenatal development)

A

Neural migration

90
Q

events in womb alter development of physical and psychological health

A

Prenatal Programming

91
Q

substances that can disrupt normal prenatal development and cause lifelong deficits; fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)

A

Teratogens

92
Q

biologically based tendency to behave in particular ways from early life (fussy, easy)

A

Temperament

93
Q

unique relatively enduring set of behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and motives that characterize an individual

A

Personality

94
Q

inability to take the perspective of another person

A

Egocentrism

95
Q

strong emotional connections that develop early in life to keep infants close to caregivers

A

Attachment

96
Q

Transition between childhood and adulthood. Marked by beginning of puberty- sexual maturation begins

A

Adolescence

Psych 100 (1 decks)

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