Exam 1 Flashcards
Health Disparities are caused by…?
● Long-standing national history of poverty
● Discrimination in access to health care
● Poor or nonexistent medical care early in life among ethnic subgroups
● Poor living and working conditions
What are Health Disparities?
The difference in the incidence, prevalence, morbidity, mortality, and burden of diseases and other adverse health conditions that exist among specific population groups
The prevalence of diabetes in African Americans is nearly ___ percent higher than in non-Hispanic Whites
70%
What can increase the risk of stroke and dementia?
Diabetes and Hypertension, caused by obesity
Cavernous Malformations
When pressure in your blood vessels is too high causing dizziness, difficulty breathing, and chest pain
Culture consists of…?
Language, thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of racial, ethnic, religious or social groups
Cultural Awareness
The moment when we realize that something much deeper than the
surface issue is affecting the relationship between provider and patient
Cultural Knowledge
What you bring with you to an encounter, while awareness emerges during the encounter
Cultural Dissonance
Frustration and lack of acceptance between the health services provider and the culturally and ethnically diverse patient due to the provider not understanding the patient’s system of values, norms, and beliefs
Aphasia
Defined from neurological, cognitive, and functional perspectives.
Impaired modalities in Aphasia
Expressive Language, Receptive Language, Reading, and Writing
Paraphasia
Errors in phonemes, words, or phrases produced unintentionally due to higher level language deficits. Examples include: Phonemic/literal paraphasia, Neologism/neologistic paraphasia, semantic
paraphasia, Unrelated verbal paraphasia.
Non-Fluent Aphasias
Broca’s, Global, Transcortical Motor, Mixed
Transcortical
Fluent Aphasias
Wernicke’s, Conduction, Transcortical Sensory
Anomic Aphasia
Most mild form of aphasia, typically associated with Broca’s but Anomic aphasia only impairs the ability to name objects, people, places, things.
What is the difference between Aphasia in people who use sign language versus those who use oral language?
Trick question! There is no difference; it is
extremely similar to oral speakers.
Arcuate Fasciculus
The pathway between Broca’s and Wernicke’s
that allows for repetition of words.
What is the difference between Alexia and Agraphia?
Alexia has to do with reading difficulties ; it is an acquired impairment of reading. Agraphia has to do
with writing, and is the inability to form letters/words.
Related Behaviors associated with Aphasia?
Self Repair (Ex: restating or revising their words because they know they are stuck) ; Speech Disfluencies (Ex: Prolonged vowels; “Uh”) ; Preserved Language (Ex: Their name or day of the week) ; Automatic Language (Ex: Unable to say “hey” when asked to, BUT may say “hey” when a person enters the room).
Pure Aphasias
Alexia without agraphia, and Agraphia without alexia
What is the difference between word production anomia and word selection anomia?
Word production anomia is characterized by inability to produce name of an object, but cuing can help them find the appropriate name. Word selection
aphasia is inability to name an object but can explain its use.
Conduction Aphasias
Neurological Perspective
An acquired language impairment resulting from a local brain lesion in the absence of other cognitive,
motor, or sensory impairments.
Cognitive Perspective
The selective breakdown of language processing itself, of underlying cognitive skills, or of the necessary
cognitive resources, resulting from a focal lesion.
Functional Perspective
A communication impairment masking inherent competence.
Agrammatism
Lack of grammar by omitting function words.
Name some associated disorders of a stroke…
Coma, Vision problems, Verbal Memory issues, Depression, Seizure, Anxiety, Emotional Outbursts.
Severity of aphasia is associated with…?
Cortical and Subcortical lesions.
Telegraphic Speech
Small, functional words are absent in one’s speech.
What becomes impaired when there is a lesion in the arcuate fasciculus?
Repetition.
Neologism
Semantic Paraphasia
Possible associated speech problems for Broca’s Aphasia?
Apraxia of speech and dysarthria
Broca’s Aphasia
Wernicke’s Aphasia
Global Aphasia
Transcortical Motor Aphasia
Progressive Nonfluent Aphasia
