Exam 1 Flashcards by Taylor Glotzbach

What did BJ mean by “things natural”?

Separate chiropractic from religion

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What did BJ mean by “by hands only”?

Separate chiropractic from surgery

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“Dis-ease” is only caused by…

Vertebral subluxation

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Name the Definition: Study of the fundamental nature of reality and existence and of the essence of things

Metaphysics

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What are the 4 branches of Metaphysics?

1) Materialism
2) Mechanism
3) Teleology
4) Vitalism

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Definition of Epistemology

Determine nature, basis and extent of knowledge.
Knowing
Nature of truth
Relationship between knowledge and belief

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________ is one form of Epistemology

Empiricism

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What is Practice relying on observation and experiment in the natural sciences.
KNOWLEDGE begins with EXPERIENCE?

Empiricism

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Definition of Logic

Study of principles and methods of reasoning. Explores distinguishing good and bad reasoning

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Definition of Ethics

Human conduct, character and values. Nature of right and wrong / good and evil

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Definition of Aesthetics

Creation and principles of art and beauty. THoughts, feelings and attitudes

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What was the historical mindset for subluxation?

Chiro’s do not diagnose symptoms and treat disease rather they analyze the spine and adjust subluxations

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Definition of Subluxation

The articular lesion less than a dislocation

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Definition of manipulate subluxation

Lesion amendable to chiropractic manipulation

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Definition of subluxation complex

A theoretical model that describes the widespread effects of subluxation

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Definition of subluxation syndrome

Clinical manifestation that include associated symptoms and physical signs of a subluxation OR aggregate of signs that relate to pathophysiology of dysfunction of spinal and pelvic motion segments or to peripheral joints

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Name the Definition: Functional unit made up of two adjacent articulating surfaces and connective tissues binding them together

motion segment

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Definition of Spinal motion segment

2 adjacent vertebrae and the connecting tissues binding them to each other

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Characteristic and Domain of Subluxation

C: Articular Lesion
D: Researchers

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Characteristic and Domain of Subluxation Complex

C: Theoretical Models
D: Educators

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Characteristic and Domain of Subluxation Syndrome

C: Signs & Symptoms
D: Practitioners

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Characteristic and Domain of Motion Segment Dysfunction

C: Common Currency

D: Politicians

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Characteristic and Domain of Medical Subluxation

C: Unstable Segment
D: Surgeons

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Manual therapy definition

Hands directly contact the body to treat articulations or soft tissue

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Name the definition: Manual procedure involving direct thrust to move a joint past the physiological ROM without exceeding anatomical limit

Manipulation

Name the definition: Movement applied within or at the physiologic ROM without a thrust or impulse, goal of restoring joint mobility

Mobilization

Adjustment definition

Any chiropractic therapy that uses a controlled force, leverage, direction, amp, and velocity directed at specific joints

What are the three specific paradigms?

1) Patient Centered 2) Biopsychosocial 3) ACC

The patient centered paradigm encapsulates…

Uniqueness of the philosophical first principles of chiropractic

ACC’s New definition of SUbluxation

“A subluxation is a complex of functional and/or structural and/or pathological articular changes that compromise neural integrity and may influence organ system function and general health.”

ACC’s NEW definition of SUbluxation is endorsed by? (4)

1) ACA 2) ICA 3) COCSA 4) WFC

The subluxation complex should be viewed as a…

1) Conceptual model 2) Pathology 3) Generator of symptoms 4) local condition

Faye’s 5 component VSC model did what?

Moved beyond the attic “bone out of place” model placing emphasis on dynamic vertebral motion

What are the 4 basic movements of spinal segments according to Faye’s 5 component model?

1) Rotation about longitudinal axis 2) Right or Left lat. Flexion 3) Ant. Flexion 4) Post. Extension 5) LAD

Clinically, most fixations have _________% normal mobility

20-80%

Ankylosis of a joint = ________% fixation

100%

Components of the neuropathophysiologic component (3)

1) Irritation 2) Compression or mechanical Insult 3) Decreased axoplasmic flow

Components of Kinesiopathlogic component

1) Hypomobility 2) Compensatory hyper mobility

What component directly is affected by the chiropractic adjustment?

Kinesiopathologic

Components of the myopathologic component

Spasm or hypertonicity of muscles

Hiltons law is a part of what component?

Myopathologic

What is Hilton’s Law?

Nerve supplying a joint also supplies the muscles which move the joint and the skin covering the articular insertion of those muscles

What law’s are a part of the histopathologic component?

Weigert’s & Wolff’s

What is weigert’s law?

Loss of a part or element results in compensatory replacement and overproduction of tissue (Like a Callus)

Examples of Histopathologic conditions:

- Inflammation - Degeneration - arthritis

What are the 5 signs of inflammation?

1) Redness 2) Heat 3) Swelling 4) Pain 5) Loss of function

What is the pathophysiology component?

Hormonal/chemical effects or imbalance related to pre inflammatory stress syndrome Producing histamine, prostaglandin and bradykinin

What is referred to as the end result of the VSC?

General Adaptation Syndrome

What is general adaptation syndrome’s 3 components?

1) Alarm 2) Resistance 3) Exhaustion

Normal creep deformity occurs with…

Prolonged static posture

Name the definition: Mechanical phenomenon associated with local, uncontrolled mechanical response to spinal loading

Spinal Buckling Thoery

Creep deformity is a part of what theory?

Spinal buckling

MOI of spinal buckling

1) Creep 2) repetitive poor posture 3) rapid loading of spine 4) issues with spine stabilizing muscles

What term is used to describe the most common spinal lesion treated by chiropractors?

Segmental Dysfunction

What is the most common spinal lesion?

Segmental dysfunction hypothesis

Segmental Dysfunction =

Lack of ROM

What is phase 1 of the VSC?

Segmental Dynsfunction

Triad of signs for adjusting the SDF

1) spinous tenderness 2) loss of normal ROM 3) abnormal contraction of paraspinals

What is the precursor to fascilitation?

Myopathology

What are the 2 groups of Neurobiological models?

Noninflammatory & Inflammatory

The noninflammatory neurobiologic model causes

Sustained alterations in neural excitability

Which Dr. Created the “fixation theory” of non-inflammatory models?

Korr

What Dr. Created the “spinal learning” thoery a.k.a. Neuroplasticity?

Patterson-Steinmetz

According to the Korr’s theory:

When the ANS is involved then its known as sympathiconia

Korr Fixation THeory includes what components of the VSC theory?

Bio mechanical and Neurological aspect of SDF

What is considered the corrective component of the Korr fixation theory?

Golgi Tendon Organ

Korr’s fixation theory starts with…

Hypomobility of the motor unit

What is Sympatheticotonia?

The somatoautonomic reflex response

What is the basis of the Spinal Learning theory?

- perpetuates after stimulus stops - “Neural Scar”

Segmental facilitation generates

A sustained altered stimulus

Is adjustment effective for spinal learning?

YES

The inflammatory neurological models are associated with (2)

1) peptides and inflammation on the nerve propagation 2) inflammatory changes secondary to tissue trauma

What are the 4 Inflammatory SDF models?

1) Dvorak 2) Gatterman-Goe 3) Mense 4) Evans

Dvorak’s inflammatory model talks about…

Postural muscles

Gatterman-Goe inflammatory model talks about…

Myofascial trigger points (MFTP)

Mense’s inflammatory model talks about…

Local muscle T2P (tender to Palpations)

Evans inflammatory model talks about…

Minimal energy hypothesis

Gatterman-Goe proposed that:

Traumatic or postural strain of skeletal muscle could generate MFTP

Who’s model focuses more on the sequel are of SDF rather than the cause of the mechanical spinal lesion?

Mense’s Inflammatory Neurological model

What model’s basic premise is “the spine will seek an optimal minimal energy configuration”?

Minimal Energy Hypothesis by Evans

Who invented the PulStarFRAS?

Evans

All of the neurobiologic models of SDF lead to

Segmental Facilitation

Any reference to what can relate to the dural torque theory?

CSF or Meninges

Meninges consists of: (3)

Dura Mater Arachnoid Mater Pia Mater

How do you correct Dural torque and CSF flow?

Pelvic Blocking

Proprioceptive Insult typically applies to what MOI’s?

Post traumatic or post surgical

Congenital anomalies that are considered proprioceptive insult theory?

Hemi-Vertebrae, Congenital Fusion etc.