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New Testament 1 Exam 1 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is important about the placement of Israel?

A

It is central (the bullseye of the Eastern Hemisphere); known as “The Land Between”

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2
Q

What is the Fertile Crescent?

A

The large sickle of inhabitable and cultivatable land stretching from the Persian Gulf to Egypt

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3
Q

What is unique about Israel’s regional aspects and divisions?

A

Israel has a very diverse geography (think of it as similar to CA)

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4
Q

How do the different disciplines connect when talking about regional segmentation?

A

Geological Composition – Topography – Lines of Communication

THEREFORE, geology affects history

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5
Q

What are the 4 main longitudinal (north-south) zones moving from west to east?

A
  1. Coastal Plain
  2. Mountains or Central Hills
  3. The Rift Valley
  4. Trans-Jordan Plateau
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6
Q

What is the climate like in Israel?

A

Very similar to CA; Two Primary Seasons

Summer + Winter
In the Fall Transitional Period, there are the Sirocco (Khamsin) winds + the early (former) rains

In the Spring Transitional Period, there are the Sirocco (Khamsin) winds + the latter rains

CRITICAL CONCERN: Water!!

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7
Q

What are the 7 most prominent species of agriculture in Israel?

A
  1. Wheat
  2. Barley
  3. Grapes
  4. Pomegranates
  5. Olives
  6. Figs
  7. Honey (Most likely date honey)
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8
Q

What were the “Silent Years”?

A

The 400 year time period between Malachi to Matthew

  • Predicted by Micah
  • Realized during the Inter-Testamental Period
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9
Q

What are some of the most prominent Jewish Historical and Literary Sources?

A

Josephus (AD 37-100) Works
The Book of Maccabees [1+2]
Mishna (AD 200)

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10
Q

When was the Northern Kingdom exiled?

A

722 BC by the Assyrians

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11
Q

When was the Southern Kingdom exiled?

A

586 BC (when Jerusalem was destroyed) by the Babylonians – Ushered in the 70 Year Babylonian Captivity (Exilic Period)

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12
Q

What was a main difference between Persia and Babylon?

A

PERSIA: Repatriation: Limited autonomy as a client-state; Restoration

BABYLON: Expatriation: Remove and assimilate culturally (Daniel 1:4); Deportation

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13
Q

What ended the Exilic Period?

A

The Decree of Cyrus (Ezra 1:2-4)

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14
Q

Who is Alexander the Great?

A
  • Ruled during the Hellenistic Period form 336-323 BC
  • Famous Battle of Issus
  • Prepared the way for Greek culture, with Greek becoming the universal language [Greeks gaining control of The Land Between]
  • Alexander liked the Jews and the Jews liked Alexander
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15
Q

What happened in the Post-Alexandrian Division in 301 BC?

A

These are the two most important: Ptolemy gets EGYPT and ISRAEL
Seleucus gets SYRIA and PERSIA

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16
Q

Under which group’s rule was life good for the Jews?

A

The Ptolemies

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17
Q

What was the affect of the Maccabe Revolt?

A

It turned Israel into a buffer state between powerful nations, while enforcing Hellenism and striving to eradicate Judaism

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18
Q

When was the Feast of Hanukkah (The Feast of Dedication) established?

A

It was established during the inter-testamental period (Chislev 25–164 BC)

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19
Q

What was the Hasmonean Period?

A

143-63 BC
Reassertion of Jewish Autonomy
This is where we see the rise of the priest kings

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20
Q

The Hasidims versus the Hellenists

A

Hasidim: “Holy Ones”; strict adherence to religious laws and regulations – leads to the Pharisees

Hellenists: ethnic identification with allowance for cultural assimilation and integration of non-Jewish ideas and traditions – leads to the Sadducees

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21
Q

Who was Antipater II the Idumaean?

A

Father of Herod the Great

He appoints his sons to positions of power; basically running the state

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22
Q

Who was Herod Archelaus?

A

Ethnarch of Judea and Samaria (The Southern Area)

Rules of the Samaritans but loosely and doesn’t like them

23
Q

Who was Herod Antipas?

A

He overlays Jesus’ life

Ethnarch of Galilee and Perea

Arrests and kills John the Baptist

24
Q

Who was Phillip the Tetrarch?

A

Another contemporary of Jesus

Completes the Tetrarch

Controls NE Region of Galilee

25
Q

What is a procurator?

A

A steward or financial officer; associated with taxation and revenue collection

26
Q

What is a prefect?

A

Military title; used on the Caesarea tablet of Pilate

27
Q

What is a governor?

A

Generic title used by both Josephus and in the NT

28
Q

Who is Herod Agrippa I?

A

Mentioned in the first 12 chapters of Acts; grandson of Herod the Great

First formal persecution of the church

29
Q

What was the First Jewish Revolt?

A

Jews were getting tired of Roman’s overlordship (ex. taxation)

Jerusalem and its temple destroyed in 70 AD

30
Q

What was the Second Jewish Revolt?

A

AKA The Bar Kokhba Revolt

Led by a self-proclaimed Messianic figure

31
Q

Who were the Pharisees?

A

Law – Tradition – Mishna – Talmuds

Babylonian Talmud Sota 7b identifies seven types of Pharisees based upon vocation and the challenges of ritual purity

32
Q

Who were the Sadducees?

A

Smaller group coming from the Hellenists–control the temple (inc. commerce)

33
Q

Who were the Essenes?

A

Very strict on ritual purity

Lived secluded, very serious (Spartan/Simple view of living)

Importance of temple, but wouldn’t stay there for long to make sure they don’t become unclean

34
Q

Who were the scribes?

A

Expert copyists trained in producing manuscripts (each synagogue needed its own copy of the Scriptures)

link between scribes and Pharisees

Became experts on the law

35
Q

Who were the lawyers?

A

Experts in civil law

36
Q

Who were the zealots?

A

Jewish nationalists–wanted Israel free of Rome so they rebelled in the 1st Jewish Revolt

The Sicarii–the Jewish Ninja (Romans hated them)

37
Q

Who were the Herodians?

A

Favored the Herods staying in rule

Left wing of the Sadducees

38
Q

Who were the Sanhedrin?

A

AKA: The council

Tractate Sanhedrin: Composition, purpose, mission of them

Any questions about the law, they decided it [covers Jewish affairs]

39
Q

Who were the Samaritans?

A

Racially mixed group; The Good Samaritan

40
Q

What was the Synagogue?

A

Began in the inter-testamental period

They were communal, educational, and provisional

41
Q

Who were the Greeks?

A

Humanistic at the core; intellectual and abstract thinkers

Concerned with the “why”

42
Q

Who were the Romans?

A

They are actually a lot like Americans

Imitators and mimickers of other cultures

Focuses on the “what” [utilitarian]

43
Q

Who was Plato?

A

Allegory of a Cave

Saw the real/physical world + the ideal world

44
Q

Who was Aristotle?

A

Discussion of the particulars

Leans into realism

45
Q

What was Epicureanism?

A

Pleasure is the highest good–pleasure is the height of the mind [thinking well/clearly]

46
Q

What was Stoicism?

A

If you can be absolutely emotionless, then nothing can effect you

47
Q

What was the Socio-Economic Class of the Aristocracy (Elites)?

A

Very small percentage

Group includes the slave owners as well

48
Q

What is important about Roman Citizenship?

A

To become a citizen:
1. Birth Right
2. Legal Purchase
3. Military Service

Was not universal; a privilege

49
Q

What was the Pedagogue?

A

Often an educated slave; not to teach the children, but to make sure that they are learning the lesson

50
Q

What were the Seven Liberal Arts?

A

The Trivium:
Grammar
Dialectic
Rhetoric

The Quadrivium:
Astronomy
Mathematics
Geometry
Music

51
Q

What were the Greek Theatrical Themes?

A

Comedy and Tragedy (use of irony)

52
Q

What were the Roman Theatrical Themes?

A

Slapstick and Satire (Use of degeneracy and debauchery)

53
Q

What were the different views on sports?

A

Greeks: Sports that exalted and exemplified the human form and physique (Marathon and Olympic Games)

Romans: Blood or brutal sports; violent; gladiators and chariot races

Jews: Tended to avoid both due to morality and civility; unnecessary to Jewish Society and debased

New Testament 1 Exam 1 (1 decks)

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