Exam 1 Flashcards
Composite pose
A pose that combines two or more viewpoints in a single representation
Monolith/megalithic
One large stone
Menhir
Single monolith
Dolmen
covered by cairns, artificial hills, post and lintel (simplest)
Cromlech/Henge
Henge, a circular arrangement of monoliths
Heel Stone
Casts a shadow from the sun, indication on when the summer solstice is
City-state
A city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.
Theocratic socialism
Also known as religious socialism or religious communism, uses religion to justify socialistic values
Cuneiform
Press wooden stylus into wet clay to create pictographs, recording of grain
Ziggurat
Stepped platform, artificial mountain
Cella
Holiest area in a temple, priest would communicate with the deity
Bent-axis approach
A stairway leads to the top but does not end in front of any of the temple doorways (Sumer)
Inanna/Ishtar
mother/fertility
Votive figure
Offerings to the gods, statues + worship
Frieze
A strip or band of relief sculpture or painting
Epic of Gilgamesh
About the hero, Gilgamesh, his companion, Enkidu, and Gilgamesh’s quest to find fame and immortality
Hierarchy of scale
distortedly large, size = power
Heraldic composition
One form in the middle and two identical forms on the side
Stele (Stela)
An upright stone slab or column typically bearing a commemorative inscription or relief design, often serving as a gravestone.
Law Code of Hammurabi
First law code, relief and cuneiform
Lamassu
A celestial being from ancient Mesopotamian religion bearing a human head, symbolizing intelligence, a bull’s body, symbolizing strength; and wings of an eagle to symbolize freedom
Processional Way
A ceremonial procession
Apadana
The audience hall
Hypostyle hall
Interior space is filled with parallel columns
ka
A person’s soul
Imhotep
Creator of the stepped pyramid
Carved from the “living rock”/rock-cut
Temple cut from a mountain (into a cave), tomb is NOT inside
Mortuary temple
Where the Pharaoh is worshiped after they die
Pylon temple
Where the Pharaoh worships Gods when alive
Hatsheptsut
Female Pharaoh, famous rock-cut temple
Akhenaten
Priests had too much power so he changes Egypts religion to only worship one god, son of Aten and the only profit
Amarna style
Sense of intimacy/connection, distortion of selves, elongation, a lot of curvature, motion/fluidity
Sunken relief
Engraving (figures are below the surface of the artwork)
Book of the Dead
Ancient Egyptian collection of mortuary texts made up of spells or magic formulas, placed in tombs and believed to protect and aid the deceased in the hereafter
