Exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
During this meeting __________ in Philadelphia, the __________ was formed and the __________ was written.
A
The Second Continental Congress
Continental Army
Declaration of Independence
2
Q
__________ was nominated and elected to lead the Continental Army
A
George Washington
3
Q
Thomas Paine wrote __________ to convince colonists that it was “time to part” with Great Britain.
A
Common Sense
4
Q
Congress formed a committee to draft the __________, a document explaining why the colonists should have freedom from England.
A
Olive Branch Petition
5
Q
Olive Branch Petition
A
Document explaining why colonists should have freedom from England
6
Q
__________ nominated George Washington to Lead the Continental Army and insisted Thomas Jefferson write the Declaration of Independence.
A
John Adams
7
Q
Who did John Adams nominate to lead the Continental Army?
A
George Washington
8
Q
Who did John Adams insist write the Declaration of Independence?
A
Thomas Jefferson
9
Q
During what meeting was the Declaration of Independence Written?
A
The Second Continental Congress
10
Q
The Continental Army was formed during what meeting?
A
The Second Continental Congress
11
Q
Where was The Second Continental Congress held?
A
Philadelphia
12
Q
What are the 3 main ideas of the Declaration of Independence
A
Everyone has the right to life liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
No taxation without representation
The colonists should, and have every right to, break free from Britain
13
Q
Who commanded the Green Mountain Boys?
A
Ethan Allen
14
Q
The Green Mountain Boys were from where?
A
Vermont
15
Q
The __________ were soldiers from Vermont who were commanded by __________.
A
The Green Mountain Boys
Ethan Allen
16
Q
What group of soldiers did Ethan Allen command?
A
The Green Mountain Boys
17
Q
The capture of __________ provided American soldiers with important weapons, causing the British to flee from Boston.
A
Fort Ticonderoga
18
Q
__________ are professional soldiers from one country who are paid to fight for another country.
A
Mercenaries
19
Q
The mercenaries who helped the British were from __________, and they were called __________.
A
Germany
Hessians
20
Q
Who were the Hessians?
A
Mercenaries from Germany who helped the British
21
Q
__________ was a 21-year-old teacher who spied on the British and said, upon receiving a death sentence, “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.”
A
Nathan Hale
22
Q
Who said “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country?”
A
Nathan Hale
23
Q
Nathan Hale
A
Teacher who spied on the British
24
Q
In the __________, Washington crossed the __________ on Christmas night in freezing cold weather to defeat the German soldiers.
A
Battle of Saratoga
Delaware River
25
What river did Washington cross to defeat the German soliders?
Delaware River
26
During which battle did Washington cross the Delaware River?
Battle of Saratoga
27
The __________ was important because it showed the world that the Continental Army could defeat the powerful British military.
Battle of Trenton
28
Why was the Battle of Trenton important?
It should the world that the Continental Army could defeat the powerful British military.
29
After the Battle of Trenton, this man became a famous traitor who betrayed young America.
Benedict Arnold
30
After what battle did Benedict Arnold become a traitor to young America?
Battle of Trenton
31
During a terrible winter here, 2,500 American soldiers died, and George Washington wondered how he could keep the army together.
Valley Forge
32
What happened at Valley Forge?
2,500 American soldiers died during a terrible winter
33
__________ was a German officer who helped train American soldiers to defeat the professional British Army.
Friedrich Von Stueben
34
What German officer helped train the American soldiers?
Friedrich Von Stueben
35
Spanish Governor __________ captured forts in key places from the British to weaken their power in the South.
Bernardo de Galvez
36
Who is Bernardo de Galvez
Spanish Governor who captured forts in key places to weaken British power in the South
37
In naval battle, Captain __________ refused to surrender to British ships, bravely shouting, "I have not yet begun to fight."
Charles Cornwallis
38
Captain Charles Cornwallis is know for shouting what during naval battle?
I have not yet begun to fight.
39
American troops led by General __________ defeated British troops at the Battle of __________.
Nathanael Greene
Yorktown
40
What General defeated British troops at the Battle of Yorktown
Nathanael Greene
41
At which battle did General Nathanael Greene defeat the British
Battle of Yorktown
42
The United States of America was formally recognized by Great Britain for the first time through the __________.
Treaty of Paris
43
What is the Treaty of Paris?
The document in which Great Britain formally recognized the United States of America and which ended the American Revolution
44
As British troops exited Yorktown, their band played a song named __________.
"World Turned Upside Down"
45
Who played the song "World Turned Upside Down" as they exited Yorktown?
The British
46
Samuel Adams
One of the founding fathers of the United States
47
Committees of Correspondence
Created by Samuel Addams to help colonists get in touch with other towns and colonies
48
Stamp Act of 1765
An act that required colonists to pay for an official stamp or seal
49
Mercy Otis Warren
A writer in the Massachusetts colony
50
Boston Massacre
The shooting between colonists and the British
51
Tea Act
Granted the British East India company a monopoly of on tea sales in the American colonies
52
Boston Tea Party
Colonists dressed up as Mohawk Indians and dumped gallons of tea off of the Boston Harbor
53
Intolerable Acts
A series of four laws passed by the British parliament to punish Massachusetts bay for the Boston Tea party
54
Quartering Act
Two or more acts of British parliament to provide redcoats with food and shelter
55
First Continental Congress
Meeting of delegates from 12 to the 14 British colonies that became the US
56
Patriots
People who grew weary of British rules and politics, especially when they had no say so on the laws
57
Minutement
Men who were prepared to fight whenever needed
58
Redcoats
Another term for British soldiers
59
Second Continental Congress
Delegates from the Thirteen colonies supporting the American Revaluation that established American Independence
60
Continental Army
Army of the US colonies representing the 13 colonies and later the US
61
George Washington
An American military officer, and founding father who served as the first US president
62
Battle of Bunker Hill
A siege of Boston in the first stage of the Revolutionary War
63
militia
A military force that is raised from the civil population to supplement a regular army in an emergency
64
Patrick Henry
A founding father who made the famous phrase, "Give me liberty of give me death!"
65
Parliament
A legislative body of government
66
Common Sense
For colonists to break
67
Thomas Paine
Author of Common Sense
68
Declaration of Independence
Document that formally announces colonies break free from Britian
69
Thomas Jefferson
Author of the Declaration of Independence
70
Loyalists
People who chose to side with Great Britain during the Revolutionary War
71
Haym Solomon
Poland Foreigner who was a spy for the Patriots
72
Mercenaries
Foreign soldiers who fought for a payment
73
Battle of Trenton
Happened on Christmas night 1776 when George Washington crossed the Delaware river and launched a surprise attack
74
Battle of Saratoga
A turn in the revolutionary war which convinced France to join as an ally
75
Marquis de Lafayette
A wealthy Frenchman who volunteered to fight in the revolutionary war later became a general
76
Baron Friedrich von Steuben
Trained the American soldiers
77
Bernardo de Galvez
Key ally to patriots in Florida
78
John Paul Jones
From Scotland and helps fight England :Father of the navy; Famous phrase "I have not yet begun to fight"
79
George Rogers Clark
Led the Western campgaign
80
Francis Marion
American military officer who served during the revolution and was known as, "Swamp fox"
81
James Armistead
An enslaved African American who served the Continental Army during the revolution
82
Comte de Rochambeau
Played a major role in helping the US defeat British Army at Yorktown
83
Battle of Yorktown
The last battle of the American Revolutionary War
84
Treaty of Parish of 1783
A treaty that officially ended the American Revolution
85
Why did Great Britain begin taxing the colonists in America?
They had fought a war and had no money
86
What famous phrase was Samuel Adams partially credited with creatnig?
"No taxation without representation"
87
Name two accomplishments of Samuel Adams in the beginning of the American Revolution.
Helped found the secret societies of the Sons of Liberty and the Committees of Correspondence in order to support the American Revolution
88
How did Patrick Henry argue against the Stamp Act when it passed?
He believed that it violated the colonist' rights because it took away their ability to have a trial by jury (fair trial)
89
What was the Declaratory Act and why was it passed by Parliament?
It was passed in response to the repealing of the stamp act and it said that the colonists must follow any act passed by Parliament
90
What were the Townshend Acts?
Taxes on paper, glass, led, and tea
91
Describe the Boston Massacre in detail.
British soldiers met colonial protests and the soldiers were hit by rocks and snowballs which caused the soldiers to open fire. Two colonists died instantly and three more died later on. This event was used as propaganda to convince people to support the Revolution
92
What was another name for the Intolerable Acts?
The Quartering acts
93
What was the main goal of the First Continental Congress?
To get colonists together to speak up about their problems with Britian
94
What is the most famous phrase from the Declaration of Rights?
Resolutions written to King George about the rights of colonists should have. Most importantly, the famous phrase that all people are entitled to, "Life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness"
95
What was Patrick Henry's most famous phrase?
"Give me liberty, or give me death"
96
What was the point of Paul Revere's famous ride?
To warn that the British were coming
97
What were the two main accomplishments of the Second Continental Congress?
Officially form a continental army and choose George Washington as their leader
98
Using 4 main details, describe the Battle of Bunker Hill and the end result of it.
1) Patriots were largely undersupplied compared to British
2)Colonists had high ground and withstood two British charges
3) Largely outnumbered
4)Gave colonists hope to take on British in war
99
How did George Washington retake the city of Boston from the British?
Surprised them and surrounded the British using canons
100
What was the new seal of the United States and what did it mean?
"E pluribus Unum" which means, "Out of many, one"
101
What were the three main ideas expressed in the Declaration of Independence?
The three main ideas expressed in the Declaration of Independence were life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. Next, was that the British was taxing colonists without their consent. Lastly, the colonists should break away from Britain
102
What does the phrase "unalienable rights" mean?
Rights that can not be taken away
103
Why did most Native Americans side with the British?
The British promised the Native Americans European Goods and their land back
104
Which three groups of people did the Declaration of Independence not include?
The three groups were Native Americans, African Americans, and women
105
Who pushed for women to be included in the Declaration of Independence?
Abigail Addams
106
Why did the Continental Army eventually recruit African Americans?
They needed to catch up with British
107
What was the story of Nathan Hale?
Nathan Hale was a spy for George Washington who got caught with documents in the soles of his shoes and was hung. After his last words, it influenced a bunch of people to be like him. His last words were, "I only regret that I have none but one life to give for my country."
108
Which battle "saved the Revolution" and why?
Battle of Trenton was said to have, "Saved the Revolution" because if Washington's men wouldn't have won the Battle of Trenton, the Revolution would have been lost
109
Why was the Battle of Saratoga essential to the American Revolution?
Convinced the French to Join the Revolution as allies of the patriots after they captured General John Burgoyne
110
What was France's contribution to the American Revolution?
Helped with weapons, ammo, ships, supplies, and soldiers
111
What was the famous phrase said by John Paul Jones and Nathan Hale?
"I have not yet begun to fight"
112
Describe the attack on Fort Sackville by George Rogers Clark.
George Rogers Clark used flags as a disguise to cover 150 men who shot continuously to make the effect that there were hundreds and thousands of troops of men
113
What were two results of the Battle of Kings Mountain?
The British kept advancing farther North and American morale improved
114
How did Francis Marion change the way warfare was done?
Francis Marion, who was called, "The Swamp Fox," revolutionized guerilla warfare which was a swift hit and run style of fighting that as very different from the lineup style of warfare of the time
115
How did Americans win the Battle of Yorktown?
A spy named James Armistead found out that Cornwallis was going to Yorktown. He was able to get the information to Marquis de Lafayette and George Washington who used their army, along with the French Navy and Rochambeau blocking Chesapeake Bay, to trap Cornwallis and force their surrender
116
What were the three main effects of the Treaty of Paris of 1783?
-Showed US can have independence
-Closed borders
-Colonists could trade West
-England gave Florida to Spain in exchange for Cuba
117
What did Haym Solomon do to be considered an ethnic hero of the American Revolution?
Was a Polish spy for the Patriots' and was a banker
118
What did Marquis de Lafayette do to be considered an ethnic hero of the American Revolution?
Wealthy Frenchman who gave 2000,000 of his money and fought for the patriots'
119
What did Bernardo de Galvez do to be considered an ethnic hero of the American Revolution?
Spanish governor of Louisiana who captured British forts in Florida
120
What did John Paul Jones do to be considered an ethnic hero of the American Revolution?
Scottish pirate who was the father of the American Navy/ "I have not yet begun to fight"
121
What did Baron Frederich von Steuben do to be considered an ethnic hero of the American Revolution?
From Prussia and helped train the Continental Army
122
What did Nathan Hale do to be considered an hero of the American Revolution?
Famous spy for the patriots who was caught and hung
123
What did General Cornwallis do in the American Revolution?
British lead military commander in the colonies
124
What did George Rogers Clark do in the American Revolution?
Led Western Campaign of the American Revolution and won Battle of Fort Sackville
