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Am HX > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

During this meeting __________ in Philadelphia, the __________ was formed and the __________ was written.

A

The Second Continental Congress
Continental Army
Declaration of Independence

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2
Q

__________ was nominated and elected to lead the Continental Army

A

George Washington

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3
Q

Thomas Paine wrote __________ to convince colonists that it was “time to part” with Great Britain.

A

Common Sense

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4
Q

Congress formed a committee to draft the __________, a document explaining why the colonists should have freedom from England.

A

Olive Branch Petition

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5
Q

Olive Branch Petition

A

Document explaining why colonists should have freedom from England

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6
Q

__________ nominated George Washington to Lead the Continental Army and insisted Thomas Jefferson write the Declaration of Independence.

A

John Adams

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7
Q

Who did John Adams nominate to lead the Continental Army?

A

George Washington

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8
Q

Who did John Adams insist write the Declaration of Independence?

A

Thomas Jefferson

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9
Q

During what meeting was the Declaration of Independence Written?

A

The Second Continental Congress

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10
Q

The Continental Army was formed during what meeting?

A

The Second Continental Congress

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11
Q

Where was The Second Continental Congress held?

A

Philadelphia

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12
Q

What are the 3 main ideas of the Declaration of Independence

A

Everyone has the right to life liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

No taxation without representation

The colonists should, and have every right to, break free from Britain

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13
Q

Who commanded the Green Mountain Boys?

A

Ethan Allen

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14
Q

The Green Mountain Boys were from where?

A

Vermont

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15
Q

The __________ were soldiers from Vermont who were commanded by __________.

A

The Green Mountain Boys
Ethan Allen

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16
Q

What group of soldiers did Ethan Allen command?

A

The Green Mountain Boys

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17
Q

The capture of __________ provided American soldiers with important weapons, causing the British to flee from Boston.

A

Fort Ticonderoga

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18
Q

__________ are professional soldiers from one country who are paid to fight for another country.

A

Mercenaries

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19
Q

The mercenaries who helped the British were from __________, and they were called __________.

A

Germany
Hessians

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20
Q

Who were the Hessians?

A

Mercenaries from Germany who helped the British

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21
Q

__________ was a 21-year-old teacher who spied on the British and said, upon receiving a death sentence, “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.”

A

Nathan Hale

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22
Q

Who said “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country?”

A

Nathan Hale

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23
Q

Nathan Hale

A

Teacher who spied on the British

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24
Q

In the __________, Washington crossed the __________ on Christmas night in freezing cold weather to defeat the German soldiers.

A

Battle of Saratoga
Delaware River

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25
Q

What river did Washington cross to defeat the German soliders?

A

Delaware River

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26
Q

During which battle did Washington cross the Delaware River?

A

Battle of Saratoga

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27
Q

The __________ was important because it showed the world that the Continental Army could defeat the powerful British military.

A

Battle of Trenton

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28
Q

Why was the Battle of Trenton important?

A

It should the world that the Continental Army could defeat the powerful British military.

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29
Q

After the Battle of Trenton, this man became a famous traitor who betrayed young America.

A

Benedict Arnold

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30
Q

After what battle did Benedict Arnold become a traitor to young America?

A

Battle of Trenton

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31
Q

During a terrible winter here, 2,500 American soldiers died, and George Washington wondered how he could keep the army together.

A

Valley Forge

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32
Q

What happened at Valley Forge?

A

2,500 American soldiers died during a terrible winter

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33
Q

__________ was a German officer who helped train American soldiers to defeat the professional British Army.

A

Friedrich Von Stueben

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34
Q

What German officer helped train the American soldiers?

A

Friedrich Von Stueben

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35
Q

Spanish Governor __________ captured forts in key places from the British to weaken their power in the South.

A

Bernardo de Galvez

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36
Q

Who is Bernardo de Galvez

A

Spanish Governor who captured forts in key places to weaken British power in the South

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37
Q

In naval battle, Captain __________ refused to surrender to British ships, bravely shouting, “I have not yet begun to fight.”

A

Charles Cornwallis

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38
Q

Captain Charles Cornwallis is know for shouting what during naval battle?

A

I have not yet begun to fight.

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39
Q

American troops led by General __________ defeated British troops at the Battle of __________.

A

Nathanael Greene
Yorktown

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40
Q

What General defeated British troops at the Battle of Yorktown

A

Nathanael Greene

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41
Q

At which battle did General Nathanael Greene defeat the British

A

Battle of Yorktown

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42
Q

The United States of America was formally recognized by Great Britain for the first time through the __________.

A

Treaty of Paris

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43
Q

What is the Treaty of Paris?

A

The document in which Great Britain formally recognized the United States of America and which ended the American Revolution

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44
Q

As British troops exited Yorktown, their band played a song named __________.

A

“World Turned Upside Down”

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45
Q

Who played the song “World Turned Upside Down” as they exited Yorktown?

A

The British

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46
Q

Samuel Adams

A

One of the founding fathers of the United States

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47
Q

Committees of Correspondence

A

Created by Samuel Addams to help colonists get in touch with other towns and colonies

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48
Q

Stamp Act of 1765

A

An act that required colonists to pay for an official stamp or seal

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49
Q

Mercy Otis Warren

A

A writer in the Massachusetts colony

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50
Q

Boston Massacre

A

The shooting between colonists and the British

51
Q

Tea Act

A

Granted the British East India company a monopoly of on tea sales in the American colonies

52
Q

Boston Tea Party

A

Colonists dressed up as Mohawk Indians and dumped gallons of tea off of the Boston Harbor

53
Q

Intolerable Acts

A

A series of four laws passed by the British parliament to punish Massachusetts bay for the Boston Tea party

54
Q

Quartering Act

A

Two or more acts of British parliament to provide redcoats with food and shelter

55
Q

First Continental Congress

A

Meeting of delegates from 12 to the 14 British colonies that became the US

56
Q

Patriots

A

People who grew weary of British rules and politics, especially when they had no say so on the laws

57
Q

Minutement

A

Men who were prepared to fight whenever needed

58
Q

Redcoats

A

Another term for British soldiers

59
Q

Second Continental Congress

A

Delegates from the Thirteen colonies supporting the American Revaluation that established American Independence

60
Q

Continental Army

A

Army of the US colonies representing the 13 colonies and later the US

61
Q

George Washington

A

An American military officer, and founding father who served as the first US president

62
Q

Battle of Bunker Hill

A

A siege of Boston in the first stage of the Revolutionary War

63
Q

militia

A

A military force that is raised from the civil population to supplement a regular army in an emergency

64
Q

Patrick Henry

A

A founding father who made the famous phrase, “Give me liberty of give me death!”

65
Q

Parliament

A

A legislative body of government

66
Q

Common Sense

A

For colonists to break

67
Q

Thomas Paine

A

Author of Common Sense

68
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

Document that formally announces colonies break free from Britian

69
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

Author of the Declaration of Independence

70
Q

Loyalists

A

People who chose to side with Great Britain during the Revolutionary War

71
Q

Haym Solomon

A

Poland Foreigner who was a spy for the Patriots

72
Q

Mercenaries

A

Foreign soldiers who fought for a payment

73
Q

Battle of Trenton

A

Happened on Christmas night 1776 when George Washington crossed the Delaware river and launched a surprise attack

74
Q

Battle of Saratoga

A

A turn in the revolutionary war which convinced France to join as an ally

75
Q

Marquis de Lafayette

A

A wealthy Frenchman who volunteered to fight in the revolutionary war later became a general

76
Q

Baron Friedrich von Steuben

A

Trained the American soldiers

77
Q

Bernardo de Galvez

A

Key ally to patriots in Florida

78
Q

John Paul Jones

A

From Scotland and helps fight England :Father of the navy; Famous phrase “I have not yet begun to fight”

79
Q

George Rogers Clark

A

Led the Western campgaign

80
Q

Francis Marion

A

American military officer who served during the revolution and was known as, “Swamp fox”

81
Q

James Armistead

A

An enslaved African American who served the Continental Army during the revolution

82
Q

Comte de Rochambeau

A

Played a major role in helping the US defeat British Army at Yorktown

83
Q

Battle of Yorktown

A

The last battle of the American Revolutionary War

84
Q

Treaty of Parish of 1783

A

A treaty that officially ended the American Revolution

85
Q

Why did Great Britain begin taxing the colonists in America?

A

They had fought a war and had no money

86
Q

What famous phrase was Samuel Adams partially credited with creatnig?

A

“No taxation without representation”

87
Q

Name two accomplishments of Samuel Adams in the beginning of the American Revolution.

A

Helped found the secret societies of the Sons of Liberty and the Committees of Correspondence in order to support the American Revolution

88
Q

How did Patrick Henry argue against the Stamp Act when it passed?

A

He believed that it violated the colonist’ rights because it took away their ability to have a trial by jury (fair trial)

89
Q

What was the Declaratory Act and why was it passed by Parliament?

A

It was passed in response to the repealing of the stamp act and it said that the colonists must follow any act passed by Parliament

90
Q

What were the Townshend Acts?

A

Taxes on paper, glass, led, and tea

91
Q

Describe the Boston Massacre in detail.

A

British soldiers met colonial protests and the soldiers were hit by rocks and snowballs which caused the soldiers to open fire. Two colonists died instantly and three more died later on. This event was used as propaganda to convince people to support the Revolution

92
Q

What was another name for the Intolerable Acts?

A

The Quartering acts

93
Q

What was the main goal of the First Continental Congress?

A

To get colonists together to speak up about their problems with Britian

94
Q

What is the most famous phrase from the Declaration of Rights?

A

Resolutions written to King George about the rights of colonists should have. Most importantly, the famous phrase that all people are entitled to, “Life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness”

95
Q

What was Patrick Henry’s most famous phrase?

A

“Give me liberty, or give me death”

96
Q

What was the point of Paul Revere’s famous ride?

A

To warn that the British were coming

97
Q

What were the two main accomplishments of the Second Continental Congress?

A

Officially form a continental army and choose George Washington as their leader

98
Q

Using 4 main details, describe the Battle of Bunker Hill and the end result of it.

A

1) Patriots were largely undersupplied compared to British
2)Colonists had high ground and withstood two British charges
3) Largely outnumbered
4)Gave colonists hope to take on British in war

99
Q

How did George Washington retake the city of Boston from the British?

A

Surprised them and surrounded the British using canons

100
Q

What was the new seal of the United States and what did it mean?

A

“E pluribus Unum” which means, “Out of many, one”

101
Q

What were the three main ideas expressed in the Declaration of Independence?

A

The three main ideas expressed in the Declaration of Independence were life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. Next, was that the British was taxing colonists without their consent. Lastly, the colonists should break away from Britain

102
Q

What does the phrase “unalienable rights” mean?

A

Rights that can not be taken away

103
Q

Why did most Native Americans side with the British?

A

The British promised the Native Americans European Goods and their land back

104
Q

Which three groups of people did the Declaration of Independence not include?

A

The three groups were Native Americans, African Americans, and women

105
Q

Who pushed for women to be included in the Declaration of Independence?

A

Abigail Addams

106
Q

Why did the Continental Army eventually recruit African Americans?

A

They needed to catch up with British

107
Q

What was the story of Nathan Hale?

A

Nathan Hale was a spy for George Washington who got caught with documents in the soles of his shoes and was hung. After his last words, it influenced a bunch of people to be like him. His last words were, “I only regret that I have none but one life to give for my country.”

108
Q

Which battle “saved the Revolution” and why?

A

Battle of Trenton was said to have, “Saved the Revolution” because if Washington’s men wouldn’t have won the Battle of Trenton, the Revolution would have been lost

109
Q

Why was the Battle of Saratoga essential to the American Revolution?

A

Convinced the French to Join the Revolution as allies of the patriots after they captured General John Burgoyne

110
Q

What was France’s contribution to the American Revolution?

A

Helped with weapons, ammo, ships, supplies, and soldiers

111
Q

What was the famous phrase said by John Paul Jones and Nathan Hale?

A

“I have not yet begun to fight”

112
Q

Describe the attack on Fort Sackville by George Rogers Clark.

A

George Rogers Clark used flags as a disguise to cover 150 men who shot continuously to make the effect that there were hundreds and thousands of troops of men

113
Q

What were two results of the Battle of Kings Mountain?

A

The British kept advancing farther North and American morale improved

114
Q

How did Francis Marion change the way warfare was done?

A

Francis Marion, who was called, “The Swamp Fox,” revolutionized guerilla warfare which was a swift hit and run style of fighting that as very different from the lineup style of warfare of the time

115
Q

How did Americans win the Battle of Yorktown?

A

A spy named James Armistead found out that Cornwallis was going to Yorktown. He was able to get the information to Marquis de Lafayette and George Washington who used their army, along with the French Navy and Rochambeau blocking Chesapeake Bay, to trap Cornwallis and force their surrender

116
Q

What were the three main effects of the Treaty of Paris of 1783?

A

-Showed US can have independence
-Closed borders
-Colonists could trade West
-England gave Florida to Spain in exchange for Cuba

117
Q

What did Haym Solomon do to be considered an ethnic hero of the American Revolution?

A

Was a Polish spy for the Patriots’ and was a banker

118
Q

What did Marquis de Lafayette do to be considered an ethnic hero of the American Revolution?

A

Wealthy Frenchman who gave 2000,000 of his money and fought for the patriots’

119
Q

What did Bernardo de Galvez do to be considered an ethnic hero of the American Revolution?

A

Spanish governor of Louisiana who captured British forts in Florida

120
Q

What did John Paul Jones do to be considered an ethnic hero of the American Revolution?

A

Scottish pirate who was the father of the American Navy/ “I have not yet begun to fight”

121
Q

What did Baron Frederich von Steuben do to be considered an ethnic hero of the American Revolution?

A

From Prussia and helped train the Continental Army

122
Q

What did Nathan Hale do to be considered an hero of the American Revolution?

A

Famous spy for the patriots who was caught and hung

123
Q

What did General Cornwallis do in the American Revolution?

A

British lead military commander in the colonies

124
Q

What did George Rogers Clark do in the American Revolution?

A

Led Western Campaign of the American Revolution and won Battle of Fort Sackville

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