Exam 1

Question 1

pollination (moving)

Answer 1

transfer of pollen from male to female

Question 2

seed plants (angiosperms)

Answer 2

plants that have a seed inside of an edible fruit

Question 3

selfing

Answer 3

when pollen only needs to travel a small distance to the next flower

Question 4

wind pollinator

Answer 4

when pollen is transferred by wind (corn, pine trees)

Question 5

fertilization (matching)

Answer 5

Sperm and egg nuclei fuse and make viable speed. pollen from different species can’t fertilize.

Question 6

host fidelity

Answer 6

when pollinators like one plant so they move to the next similar plant

Question 7

Male parts

Answer 7

Stamen (anther, fillament)

Question 8

Female parts

Answer 8

carpel (stigma, style, ovary)

Question 9

self-fertilize

Answer 9

when the parts are in the same flower and close together

Question 10

incomplete pollination

Answer 10

causes flower to die

Question 11

partial fertizilation

Answer 11

less seeds and causes disproportionate fruits.

Question 12

benefits of pollination by animal

Answer 12

-allows movement across space
-mating among individuals further away
-prevents inbreeding
-increase biodiversity
-efficiency
-better matching
-plants encourage pollinators

Question 13

beetles

Answer 13

coleoptera

Question 14

bees/wasps/ants

Answer 14

Hymenoptera

Question 15

butterflies/moths

Answer 15

lepidoptera

Question 16

flies

Answer 16

Diptera

Question 17

Diptera

Answer 17

-sucking or lapping mouthparts
-eat blood, plants, fungi, mammals, dung

Question 17

Coleoptera

Answer 17

-largest order
-all habitats but salt water
-eat plants animals and waste
-elytra: hard brittle protective front wings that cover membranous hind wings
-not all are pollinators
-rely on sense of smell

Question 17

Lepidoptera

Answer 17

-long and coiled probiscis
-eat plants
-moths and butterflies

Question 18

Hymenoptera

Answer 18

-4 membranous wings
-oviposter: a structure that places eggs
-fertilized eggs are female
-unfertilized eggs are male

Question 19

female bee jobs

Answer 19

-protect offspring
-create brood cells

Question 20

solitary moms

Answer 20

-mom lays egg
-seals of cell
-develop over month
-waits for right time to emerge (spring)

Question 21

social moms

Answer 21

-1st mom of season does all work
-colonies: founded by a single queen in spring

Question 22

honey robbing

Answer 22

when short tongue bees make a hole at the bottom of long flowers to get nectar

Question 23

scopae

Answer 23

pollen carrying structure in females

Question 24

polylectic

Answer 24

generalists collect pollen from many kinds of plants

Question 25

oligolectic

Answer 25

collect pollen from a small group of plants (usually same genus/ family)

Question 26

monotectic

Answer 26

Collect pollen from only one type of plant

Question 27

pollination syndrome

Answer 27

coevolution of flowering plants and animal pollinators has lead to patterns

Question 28

moth flowers

Answer 28

-dull colors -deep nectar tubes -limited pollen

Question 29

butterfly flowers

Answer 29

-brightly colored -sweet scent -limited pollen -long nectar tubes

Question 30

Bird flowers

Answer 30

-bright -no odor -medium pollen

Question 31

Bat flowers

Answer 31

-dull -lots of pollen -musty

Question 31

bee flowers

Answer 31

-bright -sticky -landing platforms

Question 32

fly flowers

Answer 32

-putrid odor -pale dull

Question 33

beetle flowers

Answer 33

-dull -large bowl shape -polleny

Question 34

pollinators need

Answer 34

-host plant -suitable soil/ wood/ nest -nectar -pollen -water -mating sites

Question 35

habitat loss

Answer 35

-development -excessive mowing -overgrazing -agriculture

Question 36

Exotic species

Answer 36

pollinators introduced intentionally or accidentally to a new area

Question 37

Pesticides

Answer 37

-spray drift -runoff of soil insecticides -residue on plants

Question 38

transgenic crops

Answer 38

genetically engineered (Bt)

Question 39

Head

Answer 39

Sensory intake -compound eyes: actual eyes -Simple eyes: see UV light -Antennae: smell -Mandible: taste

Question 40

Abdomen

Answer 40

-heart -honey stomach/ crop -intestines -stinger

Question 41

Bee development

Answer 41

- Queen lays egg in cell (3 days) -workers feed larva -larva reaches full growth (5-6 days) -worker seals cell -larva becomes pupa (7-14 days) -adult bee leaves cell

Question 42

drone bees

Answer 42

males from an unfertalized egg

Question 43

queen

Answer 43

fertilized egg that gets fed royal jelly

Question 44

hive bees

Answer 44

worker bees for the first 3 weeks -clean -feed -nurse -guard

Question 45

Field bees

Answer 45

worker bees weeks 3-6 -collect food, water -collect sap used to repair hive (propolis) -work until body wears out -up to 50 pollen trips a day (5 minutes to 2 hours long)

Question 46

Apiculture

Answer 46

Bee keeping

Question 47

Langstroth hive

Answer 47

removable frame beehive supers: honey cells only queen excluder: keeps queen on first floor with a screen. brood cells: where they queen lays eggs

Question 48

Moses Quinby's smokers

Answer 48

calm the hive before opening

Question 49

extraction procsess

Answer 49

1.uncap wax seals on honey 2.honey extractor (spins honey out of comb) 3.filter honey

Question 50

benefits of reusing frames

Answer 50

-saves honey, wax, and time -increase productivity

Question 51

products of the hive

Answer 51

-honey -pollen -wax -royal jelly -propolis

Question 52

how beekeepers make money

Answer 52

-provide pollination services -produce queens -make honey