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Pollinators > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

pollination (moving)

A

transfer of pollen from male to female

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2
Q

seed plants (angiosperms)

A

plants that have a seed inside of an edible fruit

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3
Q

selfing

A

when pollen only needs to travel a small distance to the next flower

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4
Q

wind pollinator

A

when pollen is transferred by wind (corn, pine trees)

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5
Q

fertilization (matching)

A

Sperm and egg nuclei fuse and make viable speed. pollen from different species can’t fertilize.

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6
Q

host fidelity

A

when pollinators like one plant so they move to the next similar plant

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7
Q

Male parts

A

Stamen (anther, fillament)

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8
Q

Female parts

A

carpel (stigma, style, ovary)

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9
Q

self-fertilize

A

when the parts are in the same flower and close together

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10
Q

incomplete pollination

A

causes flower to die

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11
Q

partial fertizilation

A

less seeds and causes disproportionate fruits.

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12
Q

benefits of pollination by animal

A

-allows movement across space
-mating among individuals further away
-prevents inbreeding
-increase biodiversity
-efficiency
-better matching
-plants encourage pollinators

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13
Q

beetles

A

coleoptera

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14
Q

bees/wasps/ants

A

Hymenoptera

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15
Q

butterflies/moths

A

lepidoptera

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16
Q

flies

A

Diptera

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17
Q

Diptera

A

-sucking or lapping mouthparts
-eat blood, plants, fungi, mammals, dung

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17
Q

Coleoptera

A

-largest order
-all habitats but salt water
-eat plants animals and waste
-elytra: hard brittle protective front wings that cover membranous hind wings
-not all are pollinators
-rely on sense of smell

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17
Q

Lepidoptera

A

-long and coiled probiscis
-eat plants
-moths and butterflies

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18
Q

Hymenoptera

A

-4 membranous wings
-oviposter: a structure that places eggs
-fertilized eggs are female
-unfertilized eggs are male

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19
Q

female bee jobs

A

-protect offspring
-create brood cells

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20
Q

solitary moms

A

-mom lays egg
-seals of cell
-develop over month
-waits for right time to emerge (spring)

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21
Q

social moms

A

-1st mom of season does all work
-colonies: founded by a single queen in spring

22
Q

honey robbing

A

when short tongue bees make a hole at the bottom of long flowers to get nectar

23
Q

scopae

A

pollen carrying structure in females

24
Q

polylectic

A

generalists collect pollen from many kinds of plants

25
Q

oligolectic

A

collect pollen from a small group of plants (usually same genus/ family)

26
Q

monotectic

A

Collect pollen from only one type of plant

27
Q

pollination syndrome

A

coevolution of flowering plants and animal pollinators has lead to patterns

28
Q

moth flowers

A

-dull colors
-deep nectar tubes
-limited pollen

29
Q

butterfly flowers

A

-brightly colored
-sweet scent
-limited pollen
-long nectar tubes

30
Q

Bird flowers

A

-bright
-no odor
-medium pollen

31
Q

Bat flowers

A

-dull
-lots of pollen
-musty

31
Q

bee flowers

A

-bright
-sticky
-landing platforms

32
Q

fly flowers

A

-putrid odor
-pale dull

33
Q

beetle flowers

A

-dull
-large bowl shape
-polleny

34
Q

pollinators need

A

-host plant
-suitable soil/ wood/ nest
-nectar
-pollen
-water
-mating sites

35
Q

habitat loss

A

-development
-excessive mowing
-overgrazing
-agriculture

36
Q

Exotic species

A

pollinators introduced intentionally or accidentally to a new area

37
Q

Pesticides

A

-spray drift
-runoff of soil insecticides
-residue on plants

38
Q

transgenic crops

A

genetically engineered (Bt)

39
Q

Head

A

Sensory intake
-compound eyes: actual eyes
-Simple eyes: see UV light
-Antennae: smell
-Mandible: taste

40
Q

Abdomen

A

-heart
-honey stomach/ crop
-intestines
-stinger

41
Q

Bee development

A
  • Queen lays egg in cell (3 days)
    -workers feed larva
    -larva reaches full growth (5-6 days)
    -worker seals cell
    -larva becomes pupa (7-14 days)
    -adult bee leaves cell
42
Q

drone bees

A

males from an unfertalized egg

43
Q

queen

A

fertilized egg that gets fed royal jelly

44
Q

hive bees

A

worker bees for the first 3 weeks
-clean
-feed
-nurse
-guard

45
Q

Field bees

A

worker bees weeks 3-6
-collect food, water
-collect sap used to repair hive (propolis)
-work until body wears out
-up to 50 pollen trips a day (5 minutes to 2 hours long)

46
Q

Apiculture

A

Bee keeping

47
Q

Langstroth hive

A

removable frame beehive
supers: honey cells only
queen excluder: keeps queen on first floor with a screen.
brood cells: where they queen lays eggs

48
Q

Moses Quinby’s smokers

A

calm the hive before opening

49
Q

extraction procsess

A

1.uncap wax seals on honey
2.honey extractor (spins honey out of comb)
3.filter honey

50
Q

benefits of reusing frames

A

-saves honey, wax, and time
-increase productivity

51
Q

products of the hive

A

-honey
-pollen
-wax
-royal jelly
-propolis

52
Q

how beekeepers make money

A

-provide pollination services
-produce queens
-make honey

53
Q
A

Pollinators (1 decks)

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