Exam 1

Question 1

Reason

Socrates
Plato
Aristotle

Answer 1

Socrates- Definitions
Plato- Forms or Eidos
Aristotle- Means

Question 2

What do the reasons lead to

Answer 2

Virtue “Eudaemonia” (Happiness and wellbeing)

Question 3

What are Aristotle’s means?

Answer 3

Logic, Experience, Balanced thinking

Question 4

Energeia

Answer 4

From potentiality to actuality

All causations must have a cause, for the causation to not have a cause, would cease to be an actuality.

Question 5

Plato’s Ideal Society

Answer 5

1. Philosophers (gold men)- Those who recollected the worst forms and therefore had the greatest knowledge of the good
2. Warriors (silver men)- People who protect society from external danger, the backbone of security
3. Workers (bronze men)- Laborers who make goods and services in society

Question 6

Virtue Ethics

Answer 6

Our behavior, attitudes, motives, and thoughts should all work together to promote our happiness (eudaemonia)

Associated with Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Question 7

What is the good

Answer 7

Temperament

Justice

Courage

Truth

Piety

Question 8

Metaphysics

Ontology
Cosmology
Teleology
Epistemology

Answer 8

Ontology- Study of being
Cosmology- Study of the universe
Teleology- Study of the purpose
Epistemology- Study of knowledge

Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that studies our perceptions.

Question 9

Syllogism

Answer 9

A form of reasoning where a conclusion is drawn from two propositions.
Example: All men are mortal (universal statement), and Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is a mortal.

Question 10

Aristotle’s framework

Answer 10

1. Causes
2. Definitions
3. Essence
4. Properties
5. Logic

Definitions comes from knowing the essence. The essence is different from but related to the primary and secondary properties of everything. Thus essence becomes the basis of definitions.

Question 11

Greek Words

Arete
Eudaemonia
Thumos
Eidos
Logos
Telos

Answer 11

Arete- Virtue
Eudaemonia- Happiness
Thumos- Spirited
Eidos- Forms
Logos- Reason
Telos- Completion/End Goal

Question 12

What are Aristotle’s causes?

Answer 12

Material Cause (Marble)
Formal Cause (Design plan)
Efficient Cause (Chisel)
Final Cause (Statue itself)

The final cause of Aristotle’s ethics would be actuality.

Question 13

Plato’s three layers of self

Answer 13

Reason- The forms (the Eidos)

    |      |- Mathematics  

    |      |- Coordination of those perceptions 

    |      |- Perception of the world via images 

    | 

Spirited (“thumos”)- Competitive self that needs to find its place in the world (work, family, friends or associates)

    |      

Appetitive- Needs in the physical realm (sleep/rest, eating/nutrition, exercise/movement, friendship/companionship)