Exam 1 Flashcards
Haute Coutre
the design and construction of high-quality clothes by leading fashion houses
a certain number of formal ______ must be met to use the label
criteria (ex. christain dior, chanel, balmain, baleneciaga, gucci and givency)
couture is used to describe ________ made clothings
all custom
couture designers and luxury brands and their design houses occupy a _____ _______ _______ in the fashion process
highly influential position
who is often the first to identify and capture a trend, concept, or theme?
Haute couture and Prêt-à-porter
many pieces that are created _____________ and then eventually made into wearable pieces
works of arts
(ready to wear) clothing lines were the first radical alternative to couture pieces when they hit boutiques in the _____
Prêt-à-porter & 1960’s
factory-made and is sold in standarized sizes.
Prêt-à-porter
Credited as being the first french hatute couturier out with a fill Prêt-à-porter line
Yves Saint Laurent (YSL)
economic conditions, political events, health issues, cultural happenings and more dictate fashion
social and cultural conditions
______ will people wear?
what
_____ is it going to be produced?
how
_______ will people buy it?
how
_____ much are they willing to be able to pay for it?
how
_______ gather inspiration from what is happening in the world around them to influence their design
fashion designers
_______ takes advantage of technology and scientific breakthroughs (ex. nylon and polyester as fabrics)
fashion
_______ _____ includes appearl, accessories, hairstyles, and cosmetics
fashion trends
for every trend that has happened, there is often a __________
reinterpretation
before the _____, most clothing was homemade or made by a professional designer
1870’s
what was worn by women to display femininity and propriety?
corsets, hoop skirts, layers of garments
eventually slimmed down to ______ ______
bustle silhoutte
when did mass production of basic garments begin?
mid 1800’s
catalogs in the mid 1800’s:
sears Roebuck & co, Montgomery Ward
In the 1800’s department stores were in _______ centers
urban
Charles Fredrick Worth:
House of Worth (1857)
Father of couture
Charles Fredrick Worth
Jacques Doucet
house of Doucet (mid 1800’s)
Jacques Doucet designs what?
lingerie and mens clothing accessories
Cultural hubs that the U.S.tried to imitate
Paris and London
threatened and divided America and created social division in race and class
Civil War
________ improved modes of transportation meant more leisure time
industrialization
1900’s fashion trend
Bella Epoque or Edwardian Age
- small waist,
- skirts worn to hip
- shorter sleeves and fuller legs
- voluminous hair
- wide hats
Pouter pigeon figure
bloomers were for?
women
knickers were for?
men, for riding bicycles
Kardashisns of the 1900’s
Gibson Girls
clean cut and sporty version of masculinity
arrow collar man
in what year did appearl manufacturers use lighter materials and construction?
1910
In 1910 there was a shortage of ____ due to the war
dyes
the style in the 1910’s was influenced by
Ballets Russes troupe in Paris
Harem trousers, Turbans, hobbler skirts, and lampshade dress were trends in ?
1910
the trench coat was introduced when???
in Mens fashion during WWI
in 1910 in mens fashion pocket watches turned into?
wristwatches
Converses were introduced in??
1910
Father of MODERN fashion
Paul Poiret
what year does this apply to?
*dances required loose clothing
* shorter hemlines (knee length)
* longer necklines and t-strap shoes
* bobbed hair
womenswear in the 1920’s
in what year do these apply?
* suits are the norm
* sportwear–> tennis wear
menswear in the 1920’s
what designer used casual fabrics and chic sportswear?
Coco Chanel
what designer used innovative textiles, knitwear designer, and early developer of ‘wrap dress’
Ella Schiaparelli
what designer uses Handkercheifs/ assymmetrical hems, geometric shapes and cowl/halter necklines
Madeline Vionnet
what year do these apply?
* hemlines are longer
* waistline emphasized
* long dresses
* invention of latex fabric
* nylon stockings
* casual style adopted for leisure
1930’s
what two designers continue to be dominant worldwide?
Chanel and Schiaparelli
when was there L-85 restrictions of rubber, silk, nylon, and wool?
1940’s
when was fashion shorter, sharper and with military influence?
1940’s
which two designers make signifigant contribution to feminine formal style of the 1950’s
Dior and Balmain
who introduced the mini skirt
Mary Quant
First black model on American Vogue (1974)
Beverly Johnson
Vivienne Westwood
london designer known for punk fashion
Halston
cashmere and ultrasuede
Diane Von Furstenberg
one piece wrap dress of 1973
Anna Klein
high quality sportswear
the 1980’s was the era of the ____
YUPPIE (young urban professional)
what mood reflected the 80’s?
somber
Tom Ford was the creative director for who?
Gucci
Micheal Kohrs worked for who?
Céline
Marc Jacobs worked for who?
louis vuitton
(P. Diddy) First celebrity to launch a fashion line— Sean John
Sean Combs
lower end fashion brands (H&M, Target,Kohls) partner with celebrities to have from well known designers
Karl Lagerfield
_______ _______ manufacturing the materials and finished products used in the production of apparel and accessories
fashion industries are engaged in
- identify consumer needs
- develop good products
- price, distribute, and promote those products effectively
marketing in fashion
in fashion the goal of marketing is _____?
know and understand the customer so well that the product or service sells itself
- planning required to have the right fashion-oriented merchandise at RIGHT time, place, quanitities, prices and sales promotion for a specfic target audience
fashion merchanidse
*designers and retailers dictate what the fashion will be and force consumers
* fashion is for women only
misconceptions of fashion
characteristics or distinctive of a garment; combination of features that make it unique and different
Style
styles accepted and used by the majority at one time, no matter how small that group is
fashion
a NEW style accepted by a LIMITED number of fashion leaders
High Fashion
(Volume Fashion); styles widely accepted, produced in large quantities at moderate-low prices
Mass Fashion
a particular or individual interpretation, version, or treatment of a specific style
Design
Prevailing opinion of what is and whats not attractive and appropriate
Taste
style or design that remains in general fashion accepted for an extended period of time
classic (ex. chanel suit)
products that enter the marketplace quickly, are purchased with zeal, and then sells decline quickly
fad
general movement in fashion changes that can be seen or tracked
trend
when skirts are up business will ______?
follow
what are the 4 components of design?
silhouette, details, texture and color
the color RED is used for ?
good luck in asian culture
the color GREEN is used for ?
spring and renewal
what are the five stages of the fashion cycle?
- introduction
- rise
- culmination
- decline
- obsolecnce
what happens in the innovation stages?
intro fashion, “rise” , “lead” fashion, “better” department
what happens in the culmination stages?
acceleration, “moderate” prices, mass acceptance
what happens in the decline stages?
prices are greatly reduced, obsolescene
what does obsolescene mean?
no one is buying! “You can’t give it away”
what are the four levels of the fashion industry?
primary, secondary, retail, and auxiliary level
which level of the fashion industry functions with all other levels simultaneously?
auxiliary
forms of business ownership?
sole proprietorship
partnership
corporation
what is horizontal growth?
when a company expands its capabilities on the level on which it operates currently
what is vertical growth?
when a company expands its capabilities on different levels on which it operates currently (ex. Zara)
what is mergers and acquisitions?
sale of one company to another
what is diversification in business?
adding various lines, products or services to serve different markets (ex. gap purchases banana republic and creates old navy giving gap 3 overlapping price ranges)
what is a franchise?
purchased operations that conform franchisers directives and benefit from the franchise name, buying power and merchandising expertise
one-third of all retail sales come from ______ efforts ?
franchising
donward-flow theory
-trickle down, upper class sends fashion “down” to the lower class
horizontal-flow theory
(trickle across) fashion moves between groups in the same social strata as downward-flow
upward-flow
(trickle up) from the poor and young come the fashions of the times
high fashion market
top of the chain, producing innovative high fashion apparel that is very expensive
bridge market (contemporary market)
between very expensive designer and high-quality but less expensive merchandise
better market
below bridge with corresponding lower prices and less panache
moderate priced market
firms produces originals but usually turns out adaptions of styles that have survived the introduction stage and are in the rise stage of their fashion cycle
types of retailers
fashion leaders
traditional
mass
disccounter
example of fashion leader in retail?
neiman-marcus, nordstroms, saks etc.
examples of traditional retailers?
macys and dillards
example of a mass retailer?
J.c. penny, kohls
example of discounter retailer?
wal-mart, t.j. maxx
which luxury brand was the first brand to use the see now buy now model?
Burberry
what is the see now buy now model?
reinterprets both the essence and the approach to physical distribution
Donna Karen adopted what model?
See now Buy now
what is a maverick?
low market responsivness and concern for what peer groups think
leaders designer in fashion?
designers who become recognizable names during the course of their career
what is an interpreter designer?
hybrid of designer buyers and product developers
what is a reproducer designer?
low market responsivness & high concern for what peer groups think
