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Psych 101 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is psychology?

A

Science that studies behavior.
The physiological and cognitive processes that underlie it
The profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems

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2
Q

Behavior

A

The observable acts of a person or animal.: is it predictable.

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3
Q

Cognitive process

A

What the brain does when a person stores, recalls, or uses information or has specific feelings.
Cognitive is just how you think Involves memory .
Can effect behavior and physiology.

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4
Q

Systematic observation

A

The careful observation of the natural world with the aim of better understanding it. Observations provide the basic data that allow scientists to track, tally, or otherwise organize information about the natural world.

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5
Q

Empirical methods

A

Approaches to inquiry that are tied to actual measurement and observation.

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6
Q

Which sciences psychology directly grew out of.

A

1.Philosophy
-Psychological questions
-Aristotle
-Descartes- Interactive Dualism
2. Physiology
-Observation &. The scientific method

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7
Q

Father of Psychology

A

WIlhelm Wundt: Integrating prospectives:(mind and body)

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8
Q

Science is cumulative

A

We can learn the important truths discovered by earlier scientist and build on them.

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9
Q

First psychology lab? Where and What they studied.

A

United States. Studied experimental psychology or structuralism.

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10
Q

Structuralism (Structure)

A

Edward Titchener
– Psychology should analyze consciousness into basic elements and how these elements are related
-Took ideals and made it easier to understand
-What we could get through our senses
-Outside making to our consciousness.

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11
Q

Functionalism (Function)

A

Psychology should investigate the purpose or function of consciousness
– William James ( Father of American Psychology.
Mental testing in children
Integrated psych making it useful
Was wildly racist

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12
Q

Freud
Psychoanalytic Theory

A

Wild, but onto something. We have thoughts and feelings outside of our consciousness (awareness)
Lie down and talk about everything and psychologists infers what’s happening unconsciously.

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13
Q

Behaviorism:
John B. Watson
Skinner

A

When were born there’s nothing in your brain (Nurture)
Experimented on his kids
Animals can do serious task if rewarded and punished appropriately.

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14
Q

Humanism

A

Humans are more human then you give credit for.
If you fulfill needs it’ll make people better.
What makes humans human.

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15
Q

Cognitive Revolution

A

If brains are a computer we could understand.

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16
Q

Applied Psychology

A

The use of psychological methods and findings of scientific psychology to solve practical problems of human and animal behavior and experience.

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17
Q

Practitioner-Scholar Model

A

A model of training of professional psychologists that emphasizes clinical practice.

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18
Q

Scientific Research goal

A

Informs our knowledge and helps us create theories.

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19
Q

Types of professions psychology can lead to.

A

-Clinical psychology
-Counseling psychology
-Educational + School
-Industrial/ Organizational
-Health
-Forensic
-Sports

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20
Q

Pseudoscience

A

Beliefs or practices that are presented as being scientific, or which are mistaken for being scientific, but which are not scientific

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21
Q

Anecdotal evidence

A

Apiece of biased evidence, usually drawn from personal experience, used to support a conclusion that may or may not be correct.

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22
Q

What is meant when its said that a scientific claim can be falsified?

A

A claim can be conceivably demonstrated to be untrue.

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23
Q

Can scientist ‘prove’ their hypothesis?

A

No, they can test the hypothesis and find a correlation between two variables but they can’t however there is no absolute ‘proof’.

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24
Q

Scientific Theory

A

An explanation for observed phenomena that is empirically well-supported, consistent, and fruitful (predictive).
Or
System of interrelated ideas that is used to explain a set of observations.

25
Q

Steps in scientific method + def

A

Theory
Hypothesis-tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables.
Variable-Factor that can vary

26
Q

Operational Def

A

Very clearly how to measure the variables

27
Q

Independent v. Dependent variable

A

Manipulated by researcher
Observed for changes

28
Q

Correlations:
Pros and cons
Strength and direction

A

Positive correlations go to same way, while negative correlations go opposite ways.
Strength assessed by looking at the persons r value: The closer to 1 the r values is the stronger and the the closer to 0 the r value is the weaker the relationship.

29
Q

Relationship between correlations and causation/ causality.

A
30
Q

Descriptive/experimental Research differences
Pros and cons

A
31
Q

Quasi- experimental design

A
32
Q

IRB and what are the ethical principles established by the APA

A
33
Q

Role of ethical treatment in Research

A
34
Q

Neurons + functions

A
35
Q

Glia + functions

A
36
Q

What is:
Resting potential
Action potential
All-or - none law

A
37
Q

Processes that a neuron goes through when fining

A
38
Q

Change a neuron have when at rest vs. Firing.

A
39
Q

Master gland of endocrine system

A
40
Q

How does the postsynaptic potential differ from action potential

A
41
Q

Reuptake

A
42
Q

Different neurotransmitters

A
43
Q

Relationship between addictive drugs and dopamine in the brain

A
44
Q

Different components of the nervous system

A
45
Q

What is flight or fight response?

A
46
Q

Different regions of the brain and their functions

A
47
Q

Damage to the prefrontal cortex is associated with

A
48
Q

What is plasticity? Neurogenesis?

A
49
Q

What are the chemical substances secreted by the endocrine system

A
50
Q

Different between sensation and perception

A
51
Q

Absolute threshold? Just noticeable difference?

A
52
Q

Sensory adaptation?
Sensory receptors?
Transduction?

A
53
Q

Different parts of the human eye and their roles

A
54
Q

What are the two types of visual receptors? Know their differing roles in visual perception

A
55
Q

how visual information is processed

A
56
Q

top down/bottom up processing

A
57
Q

Gestalt principles of perception discussed in class. Visual Illusions.

A
58
Q

Depth and distance (e.g. monocular/Binocular cues, pictorial depth cues etc…)

A

Psych 101 (2 decks)

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