exam 1 Flashcards
what is public health?
protecting the health of the community by prevention
what are the p’s of PH (8)
prevention
protection
promotion
prolonging
product safety
physical, social, economic environments
populations
(big) picture
what is “determinant of health”
risk factors and conditions that contribute to health issues //// something someone chooses to do that can/ will cause a serious issue
what’s an example of determinant of health
vaping / smoking
what are the major historical eras (6)
ancient greece
roman empire
middle ages
birth of modern medicine
great sanitary awakening
modern public health
ancient greece
knew the importance of personal hygiene.
naturalistic concept: thought ill health was caused by imbalance between man and environment
hippocrates
father of western medicine
coined terms: chronic, epidemic
roman empire
adopted greek health vaules
great engineers
middle ages
- decline of hygiene and sanitation
- prayers were acceptable treatment for illness
- beginning tool for PH (isolated diseased individuals)
birth of modern medicine (age of reason and enlightenment)
- william harvey: used dissection to create theories
- first to suggest humans and other mammals reproduced via fertilization of egg
- edward jenner: cowpox experiment
- coined term vaccine
great sanitary awakening
- growth in scientific knowledge to help understand the origin and treatment of diseases
- acknowledged connection between poor and diseases
- clean water and sewage removal
why is PH important?
- prevention of mortality and morbidity
- longer life expectancy
- improved quality of life
how do we measure the overall health of the population?
- life expectancy at birth (age adjusted mortality rate)
- condition specific changes in life expectancy (condition specific, age specific mortality rates, infant mortality)
- self reported levels of health
what are the 10 great achievements in PH?
- vaccination
- motor vehicle safety
- safer workplaces
- control of infectious diseases
- decline in deaths from coronary heart disease and stroke
- safer and healthier foods
- healthier mothers and babies
- family planning
- fluoridation of drinking water
- recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard
what are the 3 levels of prevention
- primary prevention
- secondary prevention
- tertiary prevention
example of primary prevention
doing something to prevent from getting a disease. like eating well, exercising, not smoking
examples secondary prevention
screening
examples of tertiary prevention
surgery, or medicine
why is infant mortality used to measure the overall health of a population?
it gives general view of primary living conditions regarding people in a specific region or country
what’s the purpose of PH law
to protect and promote health. ensure rights of individuals
(ensures conditions to be healthy)
general roles of local, states, & federal health agencies
local: makes most fiscal decisions
states: makes most fiscal decisions
federal: ensures all levels of government have the capabilities to provide the essential PH services
define epidemiology
the study of distribution and determinants of health related states or events in the population
how has the focus of epidemiology changed over time?
why measure health?
- to track diseases and conditions.
- monitor health and quality of life
- identify opportunities for prevention and protection
- create “surveillance systems” & large national data bases
- distribution of resources
