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public health > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is public health?

A

protecting the health of the community by prevention

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2
Q

what are the p’s of PH (8)

A

prevention
protection
promotion
prolonging
product safety
physical, social, economic environments
populations
(big) picture

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3
Q

what is “determinant of health”

A

risk factors and conditions that contribute to health issues //// something someone chooses to do that can/ will cause a serious issue

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4
Q

what’s an example of determinant of health

A

vaping / smoking

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5
Q

what are the major historical eras (6)

A

ancient greece
roman empire
middle ages
birth of modern medicine
great sanitary awakening
modern public health

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6
Q

ancient greece

A

knew the importance of personal hygiene.
naturalistic concept: thought ill health was caused by imbalance between man and environment

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7
Q

hippocrates

A

father of western medicine
coined terms: chronic, epidemic

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8
Q

roman empire

A

adopted greek health vaules
great engineers

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9
Q

middle ages

A
  • decline of hygiene and sanitation
  • prayers were acceptable treatment for illness
  • beginning tool for PH (isolated diseased individuals)
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10
Q

birth of modern medicine (age of reason and enlightenment)

A
  • william harvey: used dissection to create theories
  • first to suggest humans and other mammals reproduced via fertilization of egg
  • edward jenner: cowpox experiment
  • coined term vaccine
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11
Q

great sanitary awakening

A
  • growth in scientific knowledge to help understand the origin and treatment of diseases
  • acknowledged connection between poor and diseases
  • clean water and sewage removal
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12
Q

why is PH important?

A
  • prevention of mortality and morbidity
  • longer life expectancy
  • improved quality of life
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13
Q

how do we measure the overall health of the population?

A
  • life expectancy at birth (age adjusted mortality rate)
  • condition specific changes in life expectancy (condition specific, age specific mortality rates, infant mortality)
  • self reported levels of health
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14
Q

what are the 10 great achievements in PH?

A
  1. vaccination
  2. motor vehicle safety
  3. safer workplaces
  4. control of infectious diseases
  5. decline in deaths from coronary heart disease and stroke
  6. safer and healthier foods
  7. healthier mothers and babies
  8. family planning
  9. fluoridation of drinking water
  10. recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard
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15
Q

what are the 3 levels of prevention

A
  • primary prevention
  • secondary prevention
  • tertiary prevention
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16
Q

example of primary prevention

A

doing something to prevent from getting a disease. like eating well, exercising, not smoking

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17
Q

examples secondary prevention

A

screening

18
Q

examples of tertiary prevention

A

surgery, or medicine

19
Q

why is infant mortality used to measure the overall health of a population?

A

it gives general view of primary living conditions regarding people in a specific region or country

20
Q

what’s the purpose of PH law

A

to protect and promote health. ensure rights of individuals
(ensures conditions to be healthy)

21
Q

general roles of local, states, & federal health agencies

A

local: makes most fiscal decisions
states: makes most fiscal decisions
federal: ensures all levels of government have the capabilities to provide the essential PH services

22
Q

define epidemiology

A

the study of distribution and determinants of health related states or events in the population

23
Q

how has the focus of epidemiology changed over time?

A
24
Q

why measure health?

A
  • to track diseases and conditions.
  • monitor health and quality of life
  • identify opportunities for prevention and protection
  • create “surveillance systems” & large national data bases
  • distribution of resources
25
Q

what’s an endemic?

A

the constant presences of disease or infectious agent within a geographical area

26
Q

what’s an epidemic ?

A

the occurrence of a disease in excess of normal expectancy

27
Q

what’s a pandemic?

A

an outbreak of a disease over a wide geographical area

28
Q

what is rates?

A

a measure of some event disease, or condition in relation to a unit of population , along with some specification of time

29
Q

what is prevalence ?

A

the proportion of a population that has a particular disease, injury, other health condition at a specific point in time

30
Q

what is specific rates?

A

rate for a particular population subgroup for a specific disease, age range, or for a particular race of people

31
Q

what is incidence ?

A

the number of new cases of a disease in a population exposed to that risk in a given time period

32
Q

define problem

A

the what, who, where

33
Q

define etiology

A

the why

34
Q

define recommendation

A

reducing / eliminating the PH problem

35
Q

define implementation

A

how can we get the job done

36
Q

what are three guiding questions ?

A
  1. define the public health issue. why is this a public health problem?
  2. what are the factors/ determinants involved in this problem?
  3. what controversial and/or ethical concerns may be involved ?
37
Q

how is health measured?

A
  • mortality (death)
  • morbidity (illness)
  • injury
  • disability adjusted life years
38
Q

what is primary prevention ?

A

action taken to avert occurrence of disease //// (alt def) things you do to prevent disease from happening in the first place

39
Q

what is secondary prevention

A

action take to identify at their earliest stages and to apply appropriate treatments to limit their consequences and severity

40
Q

what is tertiary prevention

A

intervention to assist diseased or disabled person to prevent or limit further decline in their health

public health (1 decks)

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