Exam 1

Question 1

Roman philosopher ____ suggested that disease may be caused by invisible living creatures.

Answer 1

Lucretius

Question 2

Lucretius historical beliefs about disease causes:

Answer 2

Supernatural forces, poisonous vapors, imbalance with the four humors (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile), and imbalance in harmony theory

Question 3

____ was the first to observe and describe microorganisms in 1673 through a microscope that he constructed. Became founding father of cells.

Answer 3

Antony van Leeuwenhoek

Question 4

____ discovered a fungal disease that lead to silkworm infections

Answer 4

Agostino Bassi

Question 5

____ was asked by French government to investigate pebrine disease in silk worms and determined it was caused by a protozoan parasite

Answer 5

Louis Pasteur

Question 6

____ added indirect evidence to germ theory by designing antiseptic surgery that prevented entry of microbes into surgical incisions.

Answer 6

Joseph Lister

Question 7

Joseph Lister’s antiseptic surgery sterilization techniques:

Answer 7

1. Heat sterilized instruments
2. Phenol soaked surgical drapes
3. Phenol sprayed over surgical area

Question 8

____ German physician established a relationship between B. Anthracis and anthrax

Answer 8

Robert Koch

Question 9

List Koch’s (Father of Bacteriology) postulates:

Answer 9

1. The microorganism must be present in every case of the disease but absent from healthy animal
2. The suspected microorganism must be isolated and grown in a pure culture
3. The same disease must result when the isolated microbe is inoculated into a healthy host
4. The same microorganism must be isolated again from the diseased host

Question 10

Is the alteration of normal body function

Answer 10

Disease

Question 11

Is the absence of disease

Answer 11

Health

Question 12

Is the study of the cause of disease

Answer 12

Etiology

Question 13

Four classifications of disease:

Answer 13

1. Etiology
2. Duration
3. Animal species affected
4. Symptoms and clinical signs

Question 14

Hypersensitive; minutes to hours

Answer 14

Peracute

Question 15

Hours to days

Answer 15

Acute

Question 16

Days to weeks

Answer 16

Subacute

Question 17

Weeks to months

Answer 17

Chronic

Question 18

Observable symptoms are ____

Answer 18

Clinical

Question 19

Non-observable symptoms are ___

Answer 19

Subclinical

Question 20

____ is the unique and definitive clinical sign that causes that disease

Answer 20

Pathognomonic

Question 21

Sources of Infection:

Answer 21

1. Direct contact with clinically infected host
2. Contact with fomites
3. Contact with subclinical carriers
4. Infection from environment
5. Infections from food and water
6. Air-borne infections
7. Blood-sucking insects
8. Organisms normally found in/on body
9. Nosocomial (acquired from hospital/clinic)

Question 22

What are fomites?

Answer 22

Inanimate objects that transmit a disease

Question 23

What are prions?

Answer 23

Folded infectious proteins that replicate by converting normal prions into abnormal form

Question 24

What does TSE stand for?

Answer 24

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy