Exam 1 Flashcards
Roman philosopher ____ suggested that disease may be caused by invisible living creatures.
Lucretius
Lucretius historical beliefs about disease causes:
Supernatural forces, poisonous vapors, imbalance with the four humors (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile), and imbalance in harmony theory
____ was the first to observe and describe microorganisms in 1673 through a microscope that he constructed. Became founding father of cells.
Antony van Leeuwenhoek
____ discovered a fungal disease that lead to silkworm infections
Agostino Bassi
____ was asked by French government to investigate pebrine disease in silk worms and determined it was caused by a protozoan parasite
Louis Pasteur
____ added indirect evidence to germ theory by designing antiseptic surgery that prevented entry of microbes into surgical incisions.
Joseph Lister
Joseph Lister’s antiseptic surgery sterilization techniques:
- Heat sterilized instruments
- Phenol soaked surgical drapes
- Phenol sprayed over surgical area
____ German physician established a relationship between B. Anthracis and anthrax
Robert Koch
List Koch’s (Father of Bacteriology) postulates:
- The microorganism must be present in every case of the disease but absent from healthy animal
- The suspected microorganism must be isolated and grown in a pure culture
- The same disease must result when the isolated microbe is inoculated into a healthy host
- The same microorganism must be isolated again from the diseased host
Is the alteration of normal body function
Disease
Is the absence of disease
Health
Is the study of the cause of disease
Etiology
Four classifications of disease:
- Etiology
- Duration
- Animal species affected
- Symptoms and clinical signs
Hypersensitive; minutes to hours
Peracute
Hours to days
Acute
Days to weeks
Subacute
Weeks to months
Chronic
Observable symptoms are ____
Clinical
Non-observable symptoms are ___
Subclinical
____ is the unique and definitive clinical sign that causes that disease
Pathognomonic
Sources of Infection:
- Direct contact with clinically infected host
- Contact with fomites
- Contact with subclinical carriers
- Infection from environment
- Infections from food and water
- Air-borne infections
- Blood-sucking insects
- Organisms normally found in/on body
- Nosocomial (acquired from hospital/clinic)
What are fomites?
Inanimate objects that transmit a disease
What are prions?
Folded infectious proteins that replicate by converting normal prions into abnormal form
What does TSE stand for?
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy
