Exam 1

Question 1

what is a gene?

Answer 1

is a segment of a DNA molecule made up of 1,000s of nucleotides

Question 2

Microorganism

Answer 2

made of at least one cell, cannot be seen by the naked eye(microscopic organism).

Question 3

microbe

Answer 3

too small to be seen with the naked eye, can reproduce, are independent life forms

Question 4

unicellular

Answer 4

A single celled organism

Question 5

multicellular

Answer 5

made of many cells

Question 6

viruses

Answer 6

not made of any cells but can reproduce and are independent life forms

Question 7

microorganisms

Answer 7

bacterium, microscopic fungus, microscopic alga, and protozoa are all:

Question 8

used to measure viruses

Answer 8

nanometers

Question 9

microbiotas:

Answer 9

the collections of microbes( microorganisms and viruses) in defined spaces

Question 10

biofilm

Answer 10

many layers of microorganisms stuck to each other and to a surface

Question 11

prokaryotic

Answer 11

lack a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles

Question 12

eukaryotic

Answer 12

have a nucleus(DNA surrounded by a membrane) and a membrane enclosed organelles

Question 13

prokaryotes

Answer 13

have no nucleus

Question 14

eukaryotes

Answer 14

have a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplast

Question 15

motility

Answer 15

ability to intentionally move in a desired direction

Question 16

Motility - pseudophodia

Answer 16

ability to move along solid surfaces

Question 17

Motility - Cilia

Answer 17

ability to swim through fluids

Question 18

Motility - flagella

Answer 18

ability to swim through fluids

Question 19

protons

Answer 19

Positively charged particles

Question 20

neutrons

Answer 20

the particles of the nucleus that have no charge

Question 21

molecule

Answer 21

2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

Question 22

hydrogen bond

Answer 22

form between two atoms that are NOT covalently bonded to each other. (atoms with opposite charges attracted to each other)

Question 23

Organic

Answer 23

at least one carbon atom forms covalent bonded with hydrogen atom

Question 24

Monosaccharides

Answer 24

more simple carbohydrates, contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

Question 25

Polysaccharides

Answer 25

Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides

Question 26

smallest to biggest units of life

Answer 26

protons/neutrons/electrons -> atoms -> small molecules -> macromolecules -> ribosomes -> most viruses -> mitochondria and chloroplast -> cells

Question 27

chromosomes

Answer 27

is one DNA molecule

Question 28

genome

Answer 28

is a full set of genes in a cell

Question 29

Microorganisms and Viruses are:

Answer 29

microbes

Question 30

acellular

Answer 30

lacking cells

Question 31

micrometers

Answer 31

used to measure microorganisms

Question 32

resident

Answer 32

species are found consistently in a space for a LONG time

Question 33

transients

Answer 33

species found in a space during a short snapshot before they eventually leave

Question 34

both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 34

have cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes

Question 35

electrons

Answer 35

Negatively charged particles

Question 36

Atoms

Answer 36

smallest units identified as elements

Question 37

covalent bond

Answer 37

formed when atoms share electrons to fill their outer shells

Question 38

Inorganic

Answer 38

do NOT contain a C - H covalent bond anywhere in the structure

Question 39

Organic Macromolecules

Answer 39

carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids

Question 40

Nucleotide

Answer 40

is the small molecule building block of a DNA molecule