Exam 1

Question 1

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 1

How we process information.

Question 2

Metacognition

Answer 2

The feeling of knowing of your own cognitive process.

Question 3

Interleaving

Answer 3

Studying by mixing different practice methods to strengthen long-term memory of the material.

Question 4

Accurate Metacognition

Answer 4

Six Methods: Spaced Learning, Retrieval Practice, Deep and Ellabroative Processing, Focoused Learning, Transfer-Appropriate Processing, and Time Management.

Question 5

Spaced Learning

Answer 5

The process of spacing your studying and learning over time to stregthen long-term memory.

Question 6

Retrieval Practice

Answer 6

The process of trying to recall information without having it in front of you.

Question 7

Deep and Ellaborative Processing.

Answer 7

Creating more meaningful connections to the information you are trying to learn.

Question 8

Focused Learning

Answer 8

Learning without competing with distractions.

Question 9

Transfer-Appropriate Processing

Answer 9

Studying and Encoding methods that match the retrieval process.

Question 10

The Modal Model

Answer 10

A model that propsed that memory is made up of three sections: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory

Question 11

Sensory Memory

Answer 11

Memory that is triggered by a stimulus and is only stored as long as the stimulus continues.

Question 12

Echoic Memeory

Answer 12

Sensory memory that is auditory.

Question 13

Iconic Memory

Answer 13

Sensory memory that is visual.

Question 14

The Serial Position Effect

Answer 14

The tendency of a person to recall the first and last items in a series best, and the middle items worst.

Question 15

Primacy Effect

Answer 15

The tendency of a person to remeber the first few items in a list due to full attention given to the items which encodes them into long-term memory.

Question 16

Recency Effect

Answer 16

The tendency of a person to remeber the last few items in a list due to them being recent and still stored in the working memory.

Question 17

Chunking

Answer 17

The act of combining groups of letters or numbers together in an effort to memorize more. Ex: Letters F I G C A B T R Y can be chunked as FIG CAB TRY.

Question 18

Baddeley’s Multicomponent Model of Working Memory

Answer 18

The model that replaced short-term memory with working memory and established a deeper connection between working memory and long-term memory.

Question 19

The Phonological Loop

Answer 19

The component of working memory that deals with auditory information.

Question 20

The Visuospatial Sketchpad

Answer 20

Our ability to temporarily hold visual and spatial information.

Question 21

The Episodic Buffer

Answer 21

A component of working memory that combines the information from the other components and manages them into a coherent sequence.

Question 22

The Central Executive

Answer 22

The component of working memory that monitors incoming data, makes decisions, and allocates the systems to tasks.

Question 23

Operation Span

Answer 23

Complex tasks that interleave a memory task (such as memorizing words) with a secondary task (such as solving math problems).

Question 24

Pegword Method

Answer 24

A mnemonic technique that involves creating mental associations with items meant to be remembered and items that are already associated with numbers. Example: Two is shoe, Oprah’s shoes, we remember Oprah.

Question 25

Method of Loci

Answer 25

The mnemonic method that creates a mental association with items to be remebered and a visualization of a pre-determined location.

Question 26

Retrieval Cues

Answer 26

Aspects of an individuals phsysical and cognitive enviorment that aid the retrieval of information.

Question 27

Desireable Level of Difficulty.

Answer 27

Quite challemging without it being too much to handle.

Question 28

Working Memory

Answer 28

A part of the cognitive system that can hold onto a limited amount of information for a limited time that is easily accessible.

Question 29

Long-Term Memory

Answer 29

A part of the cognitive system that can hold onto an infinite amount of information for an infinite amount of time, but it is not easily accessible.

Question 30

Encoding Specificity

Answer 30

When an individual’s recall is enhanced when the conditions an individual learns in matches the conditions in which they recall in. Drunk Experiement

Question 31

Encoding Variabiltity

Answer 31

The process of interlesving types of encoding processes in order to account for variability in the recall process.

Question 32

Context Dependent Learning

Answer 32

A stronger recall in the same environment in which the original memory was formed. Diver Experiement

Question 33

Forgetting Curve

Answer 33

The model that shows the amount of forgetting a person experiences over time. A rabid decrease in memory at the beginning, evening out in the middle, and then a slow decrease towards the end as time goes on.